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chp. 2

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (43)

  • plasmalemma

    outer cell membrane; isolates, protects, and controls entrance/exit of materials

  • cytosol

    liquid component of cytoplasm; distributes and stores materials

  • cytoskeleton

    fine filaments; strength and support

  • microvilli

    membrane extensions containing microfilaments; increases surface area to facilitate absorption

  • centrosome (centrioles)

    essential for movement of chromosomes during cell division

  • cilia

    membrane extensions; movement of materials over cell surface

  • ribosomes

    protein synthesis

  • mitochondria

    double membrane with inner membrane folds; produces ATP

  • cristae

    inner membrane folds within mitochondria

  • rough ER

    modification and packaging of newly synthesized proteins

  • smooth ER

    lipid, steroid, and carbohydrate synthesis; calcium ion storage

  • golgi apparatus

    stacks of flattened membranes containing chambers; storage, alteration, and packaging of secretory products and lysosomal enzymes

  • cisternae

    flattened membranes within golgi apparatus

  • lysosome

    vesicles containing digestive enzymes; removes damaged organelles or pathogens

  • peroxisome

    vesicles containing degradative enzymes; catabolizes fats and organic compounds, neutralizes toxic compounds generated in process

  • diffusion

    movement of molecules from high concentration of solute to low concentration of solute

  • osmosis

    diffusion of water molecules across selectively permeable membranes

  • facilitated diffusion

    solutes transported by carrier protein following concentration gradient

  • ion pumps

    carrier proteins for charges particles; Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, K+

  • pinocytosis

    cell drinking; vesicles from to bring extracellular fluid and small molecules into cell

  • phagocytosis

    cell eating; vesicles form to bring in larger solid particles

  • exocytosis

    fusion of vesicles containing fluids/solids with plasmalemma

  • matrix

    inner fluid of mitochondria

  • nucleoplasm

    jelly substance in nucleus, contains materials

  • nuclear envelope

    double layer membrane; connected to rough er, inner membrane contains proteins that are binding sites for choromsomes

  • perinuclear space

    narrow space enclosed in nuclear envelope

  • nuclear matrix

    network of fine filaments that provides structural support and help regulate genetic activity

  • nucleolus

    synthesizes components of ribosomes

  • chromosomes

    DNA wrapped around histone proteins

  • nucleosomes

    smaller structural unit within a chromosome

  • chromatin

    fine filaments of unwound chromosomes

  • membrane flow

    continual movement and recycling of the plasmalemma

  • tight junction

    lipid portions of two plasma membranes are bound by interlocking membrane proteins, an adhesion belt forms and bands cells together

  • gap junctions

    cells held together by interlocking transmembrane proteins (connexons), two aligned connexons form a passageway to let cells pass ions and small molecules

  • desmosomes

    cell adhesion molecules and proteoglycans link opposing plasma membranes

  • G0 (interphase)

    specialized cell functions, indefinite period

  • G1 (interphase)

    normal cell functions, cell growth, duplication of organelles, protein synthesis

  • S (interphase)

    DNA replication, synthesis of histones

  • G2 (interphase)

    protein synthesis

  • prophase

    chromosomes condense and spindle fibers attach

  • metaphase

    chromosomes align at metaphase plate

  • anaphase

    chromosomes pull apart

  • telophase

    nuclear membrane reforms