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Digestive System - Anatomy & Physiology Chapter 23

1 학생이 이 점이 도움이 되었다고 느꼈습니다
컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (19)

  • Primary processes carried out by the digestive system

    Ingestion, propulsion, mechanical digestion, chemical digestion, absorption, and defecation.

  • Main organs of the digestive system

    Mouth, pharynx, esophagus, stomach, small intestine, large intestine, plus accessory organs liver, pancreas, and gallbladder.

  • Structure of the alimentary canal wall

    Four layers: mucosa, submucosa, muscularis externa, and serosa.

  • How contents of the alimentary canal are mixed and moved

    By segmentation (mixing) and peristalsis (propulsive contractions).

  • Functions of structures associated with the mouth

    Includes mastication (chewing), saliva secretion for lubrication and digestion, and taste.

  • Parts of a tooth

    Crown, neck, root, enamel, dentin, pulp cavity, and periodontal ligament.

  • Composition and functions of saliva

    Contains water, enzymes (amylase), mucus, ions, and antibacterial agents. Functions include lubrication, digestion, and cleaning.

  • Structure of the esophagus and pharynx parts involved in food movement

    Pharynx parts: nasopharynx, oropharynx, laryngopharynx. Esophagus is a muscular tube connecting pharynx to stomach, facilitating swallowing.

  • Mechanisms of swallowing

    Three phases: voluntary (oral), pharyngeal, and esophageal phases involving coordinated muscle contractions.

  • Structure and functions of the stomach

    Muscular sac with regions: cardia, fundus, body, pylorus. Functions include storage, mechanical digestion, and chemical digestion.

  • Functions of enzymes secreted by gastric gland cells

    Chief cells secrete pepsinogen (protein digestion), parietal cells secrete HCl (activates pepsin), and mucous cells secrete mucus (protection).

  • Regulation of gastric secretions and phases of gastric motility

    Regulated by neural and hormonal signals. Phases: cephalic, gastric, and intestinal. Hormones include gastrin.

  • Structure and location of the pancreas and its roles

    Located behind stomach; has exocrine role (digestive enzymes) and endocrine role (hormones like insulin).

  • Composition of pancreatic juice and regulation of secretion

    Contains enzymes (amylase, lipase, proteases) and bicarbonate. Secretion regulated by hormones secretin and CCK.

  • Functions of the liver and gallbladder

    Liver produces bile, metabolizes nutrients, detoxifies; gallbladder stores and concentrates bile.

  • Components and role of bile in digestion

    Bile contains bile salts, cholesterol, pigments. It emulsifies fats to aid digestion. Secretion regulated by CCK.

  • Functions of the small intestine

    Main site of chemical digestion and nutrient absorption.

  • Classes of macromolecules and enzymes that break them down

    Carbohydrates by amylase, proteins by proteases, lipids by lipases, nucleic acids by nucleases.

  • Functions of the large intestine

    Absorbs water and electrolytes, forms and stores feces, and houses gut microbiota.