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Endocrine System Key Terms - Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (29)

  • Adrenal cortex
    The outer region of the adrenal gland that produces steroid hormones like glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids.
  • Adrenal medulla
    The inner part of the adrenal gland that secretes catecholamines such as adrenaline and noradrenaline.
  • Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
    A tropic hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates the adrenal cortex to release corticosteroids.
  • Alpha cells
    Cells in the pancreatic islets that secrete glucagon to raise blood glucose levels.
  • Anterior pituitary
    The front lobe of the pituitary gland that produces hormones like growth hormone, ACTH, and prolactin.
  • Antidiuretic hormone (ADH) / Vasopressin
    A hormone from the posterior pituitary that promotes water retention by the kidneys.
  • Atrial natriuretic peptide (ANP)
    A hormone secreted by the heart's atria that reduces blood volume and pressure by promoting sodium excretion.
  • Beta cells
    Cells in the pancreatic islets that produce insulin to lower blood glucose levels.
  • Calcitonin
    A hormone from the thyroid gland that lowers blood calcium levels by inhibiting bone resorption.
  • Catecholamines
    Hormones like adrenaline and noradrenaline produced by the adrenal medulla involved in the stress response.
  • Chromaffin cells
    Cells in the adrenal medulla that synthesize and secrete catecholamines.
  • Corpus luteum
    A temporary endocrine structure in the ovary that produces progesterone after ovulation.
  • Corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH)
    A hypothalamic hormone that stimulates the anterior pituitary to release ACTH.
  • Endocrine gland
    A gland that secretes hormones directly into the bloodstream to regulate body functions.
  • Erythropoietin (EPO)
    A hormone produced mainly by the kidneys that stimulates red blood cell production in bone marrow.
  • Follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)
    A gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary that stimulates gamete production in ovaries and testes.
  • Glucagon
    A hormone from pancreatic alpha cells that raises blood glucose by promoting glycogen breakdown.
  • Glucocorticoids
    Steroid hormones from the adrenal cortex that regulate metabolism and immune response, e.g., cortisol.
  • Growth hormone (hGH)
    A hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates growth, cell reproduction, and regeneration.
  • Hypothalamic-hypophyseal portal system
    A blood vessel network that transports releasing and inhibiting hormones from the hypothalamus to the anterior pituitary.
  • Insulin
    A hormone from pancreatic beta cells that lowers blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake.
  • Luteinizing hormone (LH)
    A gonadotropin from the anterior pituitary that triggers ovulation and stimulates testosterone production.
  • Melatonin
    A hormone secreted by the pineal gland that regulates circadian rhythms and sleep-wake cycles.
  • Parathyroid hormone (PTH)
    A hormone from the parathyroid glands that increases blood calcium by stimulating bone resorption.
  • Prolactin (PRL)
    A hormone from the anterior pituitary that promotes milk production in mammary glands.
  • Steroid hormones
    Hormones derived from cholesterol that pass through cell membranes to bind intracellular receptors.
  • Thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH)
    A hormone from the anterior pituitary that stimulates the thyroid gland to produce T3 and T4.
  • Triiodothyronine (T3)
    An active thyroid hormone that regulates metabolism, growth, and development.
  • Thyroxine (T4)
    The main thyroid hormone secreted, converted to T3 in tissues to regulate metabolism.