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Heart Anatomy and Circulatory System Histology

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이 집합의 용어 (27)

  • Parietal pericardium
    The outer layer of the pericardium that lines the fibrous pericardium and surrounds the heart.
  • Visceral pericardium
    Also called the epicardium, it is the inner layer of the pericardium that directly covers the heart muscle.
  • Pericardial cavity
    The space between the parietal and visceral pericardium containing lubricating fluid to reduce friction during heartbeats.
  • Myocardium
    The thick middle layer of the heart wall composed of cardiac muscle tissue responsible for contraction.
  • Endocardium
    The innermost layer of the heart wall made of simple squamous endothelium lining the heart chambers.
  • Fibrous skeleton of the heart
    A dense connective tissue framework that supports the heart valves and separates atria from ventricles.
  • Interventricular septum
    The muscular wall separating the right and left ventricles of the heart.
  • Atrioventricular valves
    Valves between atria and ventricles: the tricuspid valve on the right and the bicuspid (mitral) valve on the left.
  • Semilunar valves
    Valves located at the bases of the pulmonary trunk and aorta: pulmonary semilunar valve and aortic semilunar valve.
  • Right coronary artery
    Supplies blood to the right atrium, right ventricle, and parts of the conduction system; includes marginal and posterior interventricular arteries.
  • Left coronary artery
    Supplies blood to the left atrium, left ventricle, and interventricular septum; includes anterior interventricular and circumflex arteries.
  • Great cardiac vein
    Drains blood from the anterior heart and empties into the coronary sinus.
  • Superior vena cava
    Large vein that returns deoxygenated blood from the upper body to the right atrium.
  • Ascending aorta
    The initial section of the aorta that arises from the left ventricle and supplies systemic circulation.
  • Common carotid artery
    Major artery supplying blood to the head and neck, dividing into internal and external carotid arteries.
  • Tunica media
    The middle layer of blood vessels composed mainly of smooth muscle responsible for vasoconstriction and vasodilation.
  • Tunica interna (intima)
    The innermost layer of blood vessels lined by simple squamous endothelium and includes the internal elastic lamina.
  • Purkinje fibers
    Specialized cardiac muscle fibers that conduct electrical impulses rapidly through the ventricles.
  • Intercalated discs
    Specialized connections between cardiac muscle cells that allow synchronized contraction.
  • Chordae tendineae
    Tendinous cords that connect papillary muscles to atrioventricular valve leaflets, preventing valve prolapse.
  • Papillary muscles
    Muscle projections from the ventricular walls that anchor chordae tendineae to prevent valve inversion.
  • Trabeculae carneae
    Irregular muscular ridges on the inner walls of the ventricles that help with contraction efficiency.
  • Moderator band
    A muscular band in the right ventricle (noted in sheep hearts) that carries part of the conduction system.
  • Azygos vein
    A vein running along the thoracic vertebral column that drains blood from the thorax into the superior vena cava.
  • Hemiazygos vein
    A vein that drains the lower left thoracic wall and empties into the azygos vein.
  • Internal jugular vein
    Major vein draining blood from the brain, face, and neck into the brachiocephalic vein.
  • Simple squamous epithelium in circulatory system
    The tissue type lining the endocardium and tunica interna, providing a smooth surface for blood flow.