Skip to main content
뒤로

Integumentary System - Anatomy & Physiology

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
1/21

이 집합의 용어 (21)

  • What are the two main layers of the integumentary system?
    The integument consists of the epidermis and the dermis.
  • What type of epithelium composes the epidermis?
    The epidermis is made of keratinized stratified squamous epithelium.
  • Name the three main cell types found in the stratum basale.
    Keratinocytes (most abundant), melanocytes (produce melanin), and Merkel cells (tactile cells sensitive to touch).
  • What is the function of Langerhans cells in the stratum spinosum?
    Langerhans cells are epidermal dendritic cells that help with immune surveillance.
  • What key process occurs in the stratum granulosum?
    Keratinization becomes prominent; cells produce keratin, flatten, and organelles degenerate, contributing to the water-resistant barrier.
  • Where is the stratum lucidum found and what is its characteristic?
    Found only in thick skin (palms and soles); it is a thin, translucent layer of flattened, pale cells.
  • Describe the stratum corneum.
    The most superficial epidermal layer with 20-30 layers of dead, flattened keratinocytes packed with keratin, providing strength and abrasion resistance.
  • What are the two layers of the dermis and their connective tissue types?
    The papillary layer (loose areolar connective tissue) and the reticular layer (dense irregular connective tissue).
  • What is the function of dermal papillae?
    They interlock with epidermal ridges, contain capillaries to supply nutrients, and house sensory nerve endings.
  • What is the subcutaneous layer and its functions?
    Also called hypodermis; contains areolar and adipose tissue, anchors skin to underlying structures, provides padding, energy storage, and thermal insulation.
  • What pigments contribute to skin color?
    Hemoglobin, melanin (eumelanin and pheomelanin), and carotene.
  • How does melanin protect the skin?
    Melanin absorbs UV radiation, protecting DNA from damage.
  • What are freckles and nevi?
    Freckles are localized areas of increased melanin production; nevi (moles) are localized growths of melanocytes.
  • What is the role of keratin and lipids in the epidermis?
    Keratin provides strength and abrasion resistance; extracellular lipids create a water-resistant barrier.
  • How does the skin regulate body temperature?
    Through vasodilation to increase heat loss and vasoconstriction to reduce heat loss, plus sweat secretion for evaporative cooling.
  • What cells detect touch and pressure in the skin?
    Merkel cells, free nerve endings, and Pacinian corpuscles.
  • What is the function of sebaceous glands?
    They secrete sebum to lubricate and protect skin and hair.
  • Name the three zones of a hair follicle.
    Hair bulb (mitotically active cells), root (extends to skin surface), and shaft (extends beyond skin).
  • What causes piloerection (goosebumps)?
    Contraction of arrector pili muscles attached to hair follicles.
  • What is epidermolysis bullosa?
    A rare inherited skin disease causing fragility and blistering due to structural defects between dermis and epidermis.
  • What are the three main types of skin cancer and their origins?
    Basal cell carcinoma (from stratum basale), squamous cell carcinoma (from keratinocytes), and melanoma (from melanocytes).