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Muscle Classification and Major Muscle Actions in Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (24)

  • How are muscles named based on fiber orientation?
    Rectus means parallel/straight, Transverse means perpendicular, Oblique means at a 45-degree angle, and Orbicularis means circular.
  • What does the muscle name 'Gluteus maximus' indicate?
    Maximus means the largest muscle in that group or region.
  • What is the origin and insertion of the frontalis muscle?
    Origin: epicranial aponeurosis; Insertion: skin of eyebrows. Action: elevates eyebrows and wrinkles forehead horizontally.
  • Which muscle closes the eye and where does it originate and insert?
    Orbicularis oculi closes the eye. Origin: frontal bone and maxilla; Insertion: skin of orbital area.
  • What are the main actions of the masseter muscle?
    Elevates the mandible. Origin: zygomatic arch; Insertion: mandible.
  • What is the primary action of the sternocleidomastoid muscle?
    Flexes the neck and causes contralateral rotation of the neck. Origin: sternum and clavicle; Insertion: mastoid process.
  • Which muscles extend the trunk and laterally flex the trunk?
    The erector spinae group: Iliocostalis, Longissimus, and Spinalis muscles.
  • What is the action of the diaphragm in respiration?
    Flattens and lowers the floor of the thoracic cavity to aid in inhalation.
  • Name the four abdominal muscles and their common action.
    Rectus abdominis, External oblique, Internal oblique, and Transverse abdominis all compress the abdominal cavity.
  • What muscle elevates the scapula and originates from the cervical spine?
    Levator scapulae.
  • Which muscle group stabilizes the glenohumeral joint?
    The rotator cuff muscles: Supraspinatus, Infraspinatus, Teres minor, and Subscapularis.
  • What are the actions of the deltoid muscle?
    Abducts the shoulder; anterior fibers flex the shoulder; posterior fibers extend the shoulder.
  • Which muscles flex the elbow?
    Biceps brachii, Brachialis, and Brachioradialis.
  • What is the action of the triceps brachii?
    Extends the elbow.
  • Which muscles flex the wrist?
    Flexor carpi radialis, Flexor carpi ulnaris, and Palmaris longus.
  • What muscle flexes the thumb and where does it originate?
    Flexor pollicis longus; origin: radius; insertion: distal phalanx of digit #1.
  • What muscles make up the iliopsoas and what is their main action?
    Iliacus and Psoas major; they flex the thigh and trunk.
  • Which muscle flexes the hip, flexes the knee, abducts the hip, and laterally rotates the hip?
    Sartorius.
  • What are the main actions of the gluteus maximus?
    Extends the hip, laterally rotates the hip, and abducts the hip.
  • Which muscles extend the knee in the quadriceps femoris group?
    Rectus femoris, Vastus lateralis, Vastus intermedius, and Vastus medialis.
  • What are the actions of the hamstring muscle group?
    Extend the hip and flex the knee.
  • Which muscle dorsiflexes the ankle and inverts the foot?
    Tibialis anterior.
  • What muscle plantarflexes the ankle and flexes the knee?
    Gastrocnemius.
  • Which muscles evert the ankle and assist in plantarflexion?
    Fibularis longus and Fibularis brevis.