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Muscular System - Anatomy & Physiology

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What are the three types of muscle tissue?

    Skeletal, smooth, and cardiac muscle tissues.

  • Which muscle tissue is under voluntary control?

    Skeletal muscle is under voluntary (conscious) control.

  • What is the primary function of skeletal muscle?

    To produce movement of the skeleton and maintain posture.

  • Where is smooth muscle found and what is its control type?

    Found in walls of hollow organs; it is involuntary muscle.

  • What is unique about cardiac muscle tissue?

    It is involuntary, striated muscle found only in the heart.

  • What is the sliding filament theory?

    Myosin heads pull actin filaments inward, causing muscle shortening and contraction.

  • In the sliding filament theory, which filament moves?

    Actin filaments slide inward while myosin remains stationary.

  • What triggers muscle contraction at the microscopic level?

    Interaction between actin and myosin filaments powered by ATP.

  • Name the three pathways muscles use to generate energy for contraction.

    Direct phosphorylation, anaerobic glycolysis, and aerobic respiration.

  • What causes muscle fatigue?

    Depletion of energy sources and accumulation of metabolic wastes during prolonged activity.

  • What are the two main types of muscle contractions?

    Isotonic (muscle changes length) and isometric (muscle length stays the same).

  • What is an isotonic muscle contraction?

    Muscle changes length to produce movement, either concentric or eccentric.

  • What is an isometric muscle contraction?

    Muscle generates force without changing length, stabilizing joints.

  • What are the 'Five Golden Rules' of skeletal muscle activity?

    Rules that describe how muscles produce movement and interact during contraction.

  • Give an example of a body movement generated by muscles.

    Flexion, extension, abduction, adduction, rotation, and circumduction.

  • What criteria are used in naming muscles?

    Location, shape, size, direction of fibers, number of origins, and action.

  • What is the origin of a muscle?

    The fixed attachment point of a muscle, usually proximal or less movable.

  • What is the insertion of a muscle?

    The movable attachment point of a muscle, usually distal.

  • Why is understanding muscle origin and insertion important?

    It helps explain the direction and effect of muscle contraction on body movement.

  • How many muscles are in the human body approximately?

    More than 600 muscles.