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Renal Physiology - Kidney and Nephron Functions

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이 집합의 용어 (22)

  • Functional unit of the kidney
    The nephron is the functional unit responsible for filtering, reabsorbing, and secreting components of the blood.
  • Kidney location term
    The kidneys are located behind the peritoneum and are called retroperitoneal organs.
  • Urine drainage pathway from renal papilla
    Filtrate drains from the renal papilla into the minor calyx, then into the major calyx, then into the renal pelvis, which opens into the ureter that drains into the bladder.
  • External urethral sphincter muscle type
    The external urethral sphincter is comprised of voluntary, skeletal muscle.
  • Internal urethral sphincter muscle type and control
    The internal urethral sphincter at the bladder-urethra junction is comprised of involuntary, smooth muscle.
  • Internal wrinkles of the urinary bladder
    The internal wrinkles of the bladder are called rugae.
  • Trigone of the bladder boundaries
    The trigone is demarcated by the 2 ureteral openings and one internal urethral orifice.
  • Smooth muscle in the bladder wall
    The smooth muscle in the bladder wall is called the detrusor muscle.
  • First part of the male urethra
    The first part of the male urethra is the prostatic urethra.
  • Intermediate part of the male urethra
    The very short intermediate part of the male urethra through the pelvic floor is the membranous urethra.
  • Longest part of the male urethra
    The longest part of the male urethra is the spongy (penile) urethra.
  • Site of filtration in the nephron
    Filtration generally takes place in the renal corpuscle of the nephron.
  • Nephron segment with most reabsorption
    Most reabsorption occurs in the proximal convoluted tubule of the nephron.
  • Nephron segments with hormonally regulated secretion/reabsorption
    Hormonally regulated secretion or reabsorption occurs in the distal convoluted tubule and the collecting duct.
  • Components of the renal corpuscle
    The renal corpuscle is made up of the glomerulus and Bowman's capsule.
  • Cells secreting renin
    The juxtaglomerular granular cells are responsible for secreting renin.
  • Vessels surrounding juxtamedullary nephron in medulla
    The vasa recta is a system of vessels in the medulla surrounding juxtamedullary nephrons to exchange water and solutes.
  • Cells in distal convoluted tubule that adjust GFR
    The macula densa cells in the distal convoluted tubule are osmoreceptors that adjust glomerular filtration rate.
  • Nephron loop segment permeable to water
    The descending limb of the nephron loop is permeable to water.
  • Nephron loop segment with Na+/K+/Cl- transporters
    The ascending limb of the nephron loop contains Na+/K+/Cl- transporters for salt permeability.
  • Arteriole exiting the glomerulus
    The efferent arteriole exits the glomerulus.
  • Arteriole entering the glomerulus
    The afferent arteriole enters the glomerulus.