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Skin Anatomy: Epidermis, Dermis, Glands, Hair, and Nails

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What are the five layers of the epidermis from deepest to most superficial?

    Stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum (only in thick skin), and stratum corneum.

  • What is the primary function of the stratum basale?

    It contains basal cells that continuously divide to produce new keratinocytes and contains melanocytes for pigment production.

  • Which epidermal layer provides the skin's waterproof barrier?

    The stratum granulosum produces keratohyalin granules that help form a waterproof barrier.

  • What is unique about the stratum lucidum?

    It is a thin, clear layer found only in thick skin areas like the palms and soles.

  • What is the main composition of the stratum corneum?

    Dead, flattened keratinized cells that provide a tough, protective outer layer.

  • Name the two main regions of the dermis.

    Papillary region (superficial) and reticular region (deep).

  • What type of connective tissue is found in the papillary dermis?

    Loose areolar connective tissue with capillaries and sensory neurons.

  • What is the function of the reticular dermis?

    It provides strength and elasticity with dense irregular connective tissue containing collagen and elastin fibers.

  • Which glands are responsible for producing sweat for thermoregulation?

    Eccrine sweat glands produce watery sweat to cool the body.

  • What distinguishes apocrine sweat glands from eccrine glands?

    Apocrine glands secrete thicker sweat into hair follicles, usually in armpits and groin, and become active at puberty.

  • What is the function of sebaceous glands?

    They secrete oily sebum that lubricates and waterproofs skin and hair.

  • Where are sebaceous glands typically found?

    Usually attached to hair follicles all over the body except palms and soles.

  • What is the structure of a hair follicle?

    A tubular invagination of the epidermis that encloses the hair root and bulb where hair growth occurs.

  • What are the three layers of a hair shaft?

    Medulla (core), cortex (middle), and cuticle (outer layer).

  • What is the role of the arrector pili muscle?

    It contracts to raise hair, causing 'goosebumps' and helping trap heat.

  • What are nails composed of?

    Hard keratinized plates formed from specialized epithelial cells.

  • What is the nail matrix?

    The growth zone under the proximal nail fold where new nail cells are produced.

  • What is the lunula of the nail?

    The visible white crescent-shaped area at the nail base, part of the nail matrix.

  • How does the skin contribute to protection?

    By providing a physical barrier, producing antimicrobial secretions, and preventing water loss.

  • What role do melanocytes play in the skin?

    They produce melanin pigment that protects against UV radiation.