뒤로Bio Exam 3
이 집합의 용어 (39)
RNA molecules that also act as enzymes
Ribozymes
How does an enzyme catalyze a reaction?
It lowers the activation energy of reaction
What happens to NAD+ when it's reduced?
It becomes NADH
How can a living cell increase the rate of a chemical reaction?
By using a catalyst
Altering the three-dimensional structure of an enzyme might ____
Prevent the substrate from binding to the enzyme's active site
In order to reuse an enzyme after the conclusion of an enzyme catalyzed reaction, what must occur?
The enzyme has to separate itself from the product
Does ADP contain the capacity to provide energy for the cell?
Yes. Cleaving the bond between the terminal phosphate and the phosphate attached to the ribose sugar can provide energy for the cell.
A vital cellular enzyme that catalyzes the first committed step of glycolysis ______
Hexokinase
A cellular control process where the end product of a metabolic pathway turns off the very first enzyme in that same pathway to stop making more of itself.
Feedback inhibition
Anabolic reaction
Endergonic
Catabolic reaction
Exergonic
A series of chemical reactions that either builds a complex molecule or breaks down a complex molecule into simpler compounds.
Metabolic pathway
What is the oxidized form of the most common electron carrier that is needed for both glycolysis and the Krebs cycle?
NAD+
Regardless of the electron or hydrogen acceptor used, one of the products of fermentation is always ____
NAD+
What are the products of one turn of the Krebs cycle?
2 CO2, 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
To form NADH from NAD+, two electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule. What term best describes the reaction in which electrons and a proton are removed from an organic molecule?
Dehydrogenation
This process is common to all living cells:
Glycolysis
In addition to ATP, what are the end products of glycolysis?
NADH and pyruvate
Which of the following are produced during the citric acid cycle?
ATP, NADH, and FADH2
When substrate-level phosphorylation occurs, it means that:
NAD+ is converted into NADH
The ATP made during glycolysis is generated by _____
substrate-level phosphorylation
Proteins and fats may be used as energy sources to drive aerobic respiration.
True
What happens to the oxygen that is used in cellular respiration?
It is reduced to form water
When oxygen is unavailable during heavy exercise, what process do muscle cells use for energy generation?
Glycolysis coupled with lactate fermentation
In the light-independent reactions of photosynthesis, CO2 is added to a five-carbon molecule known as
RuBP
The Calvin cycle requires all of the following except
oxygen
What is common to both photosystems I and II?
Both contain a reaction center composed of chlorophyll a
CO2 binds to ________ in the Calvin cycle.
Ribulose bisphosphate (RuBP)
The number of glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate molecules that would be produced from 24 turns of the Calvin cycle would be ____
8
Where does the Calvin cycle occur?
Chloroplast stroma
The role of the antenna complex in a photosystem is to ______
capture photons from sunlight
Plants require a lot of water for transpiration, metabolism, and photosynthesis. How is water used in photosynthesis?
as an electron donor
During the light-dependent reactions, due to electron transport, the thylakoid space becomes _____
more acidic than the stroma
In plants, the light-dependent reactions require
NADP+
Both ATP and NADPH are required for ____
the Calvin cycle only
NADPH is produced by _____
light reactions alone
In which part of the chloroplasts are the Calvin cycle enzymes located?
stroma
The purpose of the light reactions is to produce ______
ATP and NADPH
Where do the carbon atoms in glucose come from?
Carbon dioxide