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Cell Organelles and Transport Mechanisms in General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is the function of the nucleus in a cell?
    The nucleus stores the cell's genetic material (DNA) and controls cellular activities by regulating gene expression.
  • What role do mitochondria play in the cell?
    Mitochondria are the powerhouse of the cell, producing ATP through cellular respiration.
  • Describe the function of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER).
    The rough ER synthesizes proteins, while the smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies substances.
  • What is the function of the Golgi apparatus?
    The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for secretion or delivery within the cell.
  • What is osmosis?
    Osmosis is the passive movement of water molecules across a semipermeable membrane from a region of low solute concentration to high solute concentration.
  • Define diffusion.
    Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration.
  • What is active transport?
    Active transport moves molecules against their concentration gradient using energy, usually from ATP.
  • Explain passive transport.
    Passive transport moves molecules down their concentration gradient without using cellular energy.
  • What is endocytosis?
    Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf external substances by enclosing them in a vesicle.
  • Describe exocytosis.
    Exocytosis is the process where cells expel materials by vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane.
  • What types of molecules typically move by simple diffusion?
    Small, nonpolar molecules like oxygen and carbon dioxide typically move by simple diffusion.
  • How does facilitated diffusion differ from simple diffusion?
    Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to move molecules down their concentration gradient, unlike simple diffusion which does not require proteins.
  • What is the role of transport proteins in the cell membrane?
    Transport proteins help move substances across the membrane, either passively or actively.
  • What is the difference between pinocytosis and phagocytosis?
    Pinocytosis engulfs fluids and small molecules, while phagocytosis engulfs large particles or cells.
  • What is the function of lysosomes?
    Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest cellular waste and foreign materials.
  • How does the cell maintain homeostasis through transport?
    Cells regulate internal conditions by controlling the movement of substances via selective transport mechanisms.
  • What is the role of the cytoskeleton in the cell?
    The cytoskeleton provides structural support, aids in cell movement, and helps transport materials within the cell.
  • What is the difference between isotonic, hypertonic, and hypotonic solutions?
    Isotonic: equal solute concentration; hypertonic: higher solute outside; hypotonic: lower solute outside the cell.
  • How does osmosis affect cells in a hypotonic solution?
    Water moves into the cell, which may cause it to swell and possibly burst.
  • What is the significance of the phospholipid bilayer in the cell membrane?
    The phospholipid bilayer forms a semi-permeable barrier that controls substance entry and exit.