뒤로Cells and Enzymes in General Biology
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이 집합의 용어 (20)
A cell is the basic structural and functional unit of all living organisms.
Enzymes are biological catalysts that speed up chemical reactions in cells without being consumed.
Enzymes lower the activation energy required for a reaction, increasing the reaction rate.
The active site is the region on an enzyme where substrate molecules bind and undergo a chemical reaction.
Substrate specificity means enzymes only bind to specific substrates that fit their active site.
Enzymes regulate metabolic pathways by catalyzing specific biochemical reactions.
Enzyme activity is optimal at specific temperature and pH levels; deviations can denature enzymes and reduce activity.
Denaturation is the loss of an enzyme's structure and function due to environmental changes like heat or pH.
Cofactors are non-protein molecules that assist enzyme function; coenzymes are organic cofactors like vitamins.
Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have both.
The cell membrane controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
Mitochondria are the site of cellular respiration, producing ATP as the cell's energy source.
Ribosomes synthesize proteins by translating messenger RNA.
The cytoplasm is the gel-like substance inside the cell where organelles are suspended and metabolic reactions occur.
Enzymes like DNA polymerase catalyze the synthesis of new DNA strands during replication.
An enzyme inhibitor is a molecule that decreases enzyme activity by binding to the enzyme.
Competitive inhibitors bind to the active site; non-competitive inhibitors bind elsewhere, changing enzyme shape.
The lock and key model describes enzyme specificity where the substrate fits exactly into the enzyme's active site.
The induced fit model suggests the enzyme changes shape slightly to fit the substrate upon binding.
Enzymes enable biochemical reactions to occur quickly and efficiently at body temperature, essential for life processes.