뒤로Chapter 12 Cell Cycle
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Cell Division
Process of a single (parent) cell dividing and splitting into equal to or greater than 2 daughter cells.
What are the 3 types of cell division
binary fission, mitosis , meiosis.
Binary fission.
Prokaryotic Cell Division. There's no nucleus.
Mitosis.
Eukaryotic cell division producing somatic cells. Body cells: skin, heart, liver cells.
Meiosis.
Eukaryotic cell division producing gametes, sex cells.
Are human gametes haploid or diploid
Haploid, since they have one copy of every chromosome
In biennial fusion, is there a nucleus?
no, only a nucleoid.
What is the process of a human life cycle
Two adults. Sperm, An egg, fertilization, zygote cell, mitosis, baby.
Give an example of prokaryotic cell division.
Bacteria. No nucleus.
Give an example of a eukaryotic cell.
Has nucleus with DNA. Example animals and plants.
What are the Two types of reproduction.
Asexual and sexual.
What is asexual reproduction?
There's no sexual activity. Only one parent is involved. Only one Source of DNA.
In asexual reproduction. Are the offspring identical?
Yes. Why? Because they come from one parent.
What is sexual reproduction?
Sexual activity involving two parents. There is two sources of DNA and they are genetically diverse offspring.
Cell division is important. Why?
Reproduction, fetal development and tissue repair.
True or false
True. Before any cell can divide, it must first replicate its DNA. So each daughter so gets a copy of the DNA.
Genome.
The complete set of all the cell's DNA.
Genetic Material
Molecules that determine the inherited traits of an Organism usually DNA.
Histones.
Proteins that associate with DNA to form units called nucleosomes.
True or false nucleosomes in a cell. Take different forms depending on if the cell is a non dividing or dividing.
True.
Chromatin.
Loosely packed coiled nucleosomes in non dividing cells.
Chromosomes.
Tightly packed, highly concentrated nucleosomes in a dividing cell.
What is the importance of DNA replication
It produces replicated chromosomes.
True or False.
Before a silk can divide the DNA must be replicated. (synthesized/duplicated)
DNA replication.
Produces an exact copy of all the DNA in a cell.
What does DNA replication do?
Convert unreplicated chromosomes to replicated chromosomes with two identical sister chromatids.
Chromatid.
Half of a replicated chromosome joined at another chromatid at the centromere.
What is the Centromere?
Joins two chromatids together.
What is a cell?
The events that a cell performs from the moment it is formed to when it divides.
What are the two phases of a cell cycle
Interphase and M phase
Interphase.
The non dividing phase for cell growth DNA, replication and production of organelles/enzymes.
It prepares the cell to divide.
What are the four sub phases of interphase?
G0, G1, S and G2.
Mitotic Phase.
A dividing phase that separates the genetic material by producing multiple cells.
What are the two stages of the M phase?
Mitosis and cytokinesis.
How many phases does mitosis consist of?
5.
True or false? Interphase makes up the majority of the cell cycle.
True, it takes up a long time, while the M phase is a relatively short.
G1 phase. Growth.
cell performs its normal functions, growing and producing organelles, enzymes and proteins.
S phase. Synthesis.
DNA replication producing replicated chromosomes with two sister chromatids. And replicates the centrosomes.
Centrosome.
A cytoplasmic protein complex that forms and organizes the mitotic spindle during mitosis.
G2 Growth.
Sell continues growth and produces new proteins required for the M phase.
Mitosis.
Asexual process of dividing the nucleus and the genetic material of a somatic body cell.
True or false mitosis starts with one diploid cell and ends with 2 genetically identical Diploid cells.
True.