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Chapter 2 part 2

컨트롤 버튼이 '내비게이션' 모드로 변경되었습니다.
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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is a molecule?
    A molecule is a distinct substance formed when two or more atoms are covalently bonded.
  • What defines a compound?
    A compound is a molecule containing two or more different elements bonded covalently or ionically.
  • How do chemical bonds form?
    Chemical bonds form when atoms share, donate (lose), or accept (gain) electrons.
  • How many bonds can hydrogen, carbon, nitrogen, and sodium make?
    Hydrogen makes 1 bond, carbon 4, nitrogen 3, and sodium typically 1 bond based on unpaired valence electrons.
  • What is an ionic bond?
    An ionic bond forms when one atom donates one or more electrons to another, creating charged ions.
  • What are cations and anions?
    Cations are positively charged ions; anions are negatively charged ions formed by loss or gain of electrons.
  • Identify the cation and anion in NaCl.
    In NaCl, Na+ is the cation and Cl- is the anion.
  • What is a covalent bond?
    A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms.
  • Describe the covalent bonding in water (H2O).
    In H2O, oxygen shares electrons with two hydrogens, completing each atom's valence shell.
  • Describe the covalent bonding in methane (CH4).
    In CH4, carbon shares electrons with four hydrogens, filling carbon's valence shell.
  • What is electronegativity?
    Electronegativity is an atom's tendency to attract electrons in a bond.
  • When is a bond polar or nonpolar?
    A bond is polar if the electronegativity difference is 0.5 or greater; otherwise, it is nonpolar.
  • Is the bond between hydrogen and carbon polar or nonpolar?
    The H-C bond is nonpolar due to a small electronegativity difference.
  • Is the bond between hydrogen and oxygen polar or nonpolar?
    The H-O bond is polar because oxygen is more electronegative than hydrogen.
  • What is a hydrogen bond?
    A hydrogen bond is a noncovalent attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom.
  • What causes polarity in a water molecule?
    Unequal sharing of electrons causes oxygen to be slightly negative and hydrogens slightly positive, making water polar.
  • What are reactants and products in a chemical reaction?
    Reactants are starting substances; products are substances formed when chemical bonds are made or broken.
  • Example of a chemical reaction involving hydrogen and oxygen?
    2 H2 + O2 → 2 H2O, where hydrogen and oxygen react to form water.
  • What is the significance of valence electrons in bonding?
    The number of unpaired valence electrons determines how many bonds an atom can form.
  • What is an emergent property in chemistry?
    New properties arise from the arrangement and interaction of parts as complexity increases.