뒤로Chapter 48
이 집합의 용어 (21)
Neuron
A Nerve Cell, The fundamental unit of the nervous system
Cell Body
Part Of Neuron that houses the nucleous and most other organelles
Dendrites
A Branched Extension of a neuron that receives signals from other neurons.
Axon
Typically long-extension/process of a neuron that carries neuron pulses away from cell body, towards target cells
Gated ion channels
Channels that open or close when triggered. 🔓🔒
👉 Easy: “Gates that control ion movement into/out of the cell.”
Voltage-gated ion channe
A channel that opens or closes when the voltage changes. ⚡
👉 Easy: “Opens or closes when voltage changes.”
Hyperpolarization
When the cell becomes more negative than normal. 🔋
👉 Easy: “Cell becomes more negative.”
Depolirazation
When the cell becomes more positive.
👉 Easy: “Cell becomes more positive.” ⚡
Graded Potential
a graded potential can be small or large.
👉 Easy: “A change in voltage that can vary in size.”
Threshold
The minimum voltage needed to trigger an action potential. ⚡
👉 Easy: “The point where an action potential starts.”
Refractory period:
The short time when a neuron cannot fire again (or is harder to fire).
👉 Easy: “Time when the neuron resets.” 🔄
Happens after Action Potential
Myelin Sheath
A protective covering around the axon that helps signals travel faster. ⚡
👉 Easy: “Insulation that speeds up nerve signals.”
Oligodendrocytes
Cells that make myelin in the CNS (brain and spinal cord).
👉 Easy: “CNS cells that make myelin.” 🧠⚡
Scwann Cell
ells that make myelin in the PNS (outside the brain and spinal cord).
👉 Easy: “PNS cells that make myelin.” ⚡
Nodes of Ranveir
Small gaps in the myelin sheath where the nerve signal jumps.
👉 Easy: “Gaps where the signal jumps.” ⚡
Saltatory conduction
When the nerve signal jumps from node to node along the axon. ⚡
👉 Easy: “Signal jumps between nodes.”
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP
Excitatory postsynaptic potential (EPSP): A signal that makes the neuron more likely to fire. ⚡
👉 Easy: “Makes the neuron more likely to fire.”
Inhibitory postsynaptic potential (IPSP): ≈
A signal that makes the neuron less likely to fire. 🧠
👉 Easy: “Makes the neuron less likely to fire.
Acetylcholine (ACh):
A neurotransmitter that sends signals between neurons and muscles.
👉 Easy: “A chemical messenger for nerves and muscles.” 🧠⚡
Neuropeptides:
Chemicals that send signals between neurons.
👉 Easy: “Chemicals that send nerve signals.” 🧠⚡
Endorphins:
Natural chemicals that reduce pain and can improve mood.
👉 Easy: “Natural pain-relieving chemicals.”
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