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Chemical Context of Life - General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is matter?
    Matter is anything that takes up space and has mass.
  • Define an element.
    An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions.
  • What is a compound?
    A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio with different characteristics from its elements.
  • What is an atom?
    An atom is the smallest unit of matter that retains the properties of an element.
  • Name the three main subatomic particles and their charges.
    Neutrons (no charge), protons (positive charge), and electrons (negative charge).
  • Where are protons and neutrons located in an atom?
    Protons and neutrons form the atomic nucleus at the center of the atom.
  • What determines an element's atomic number?
    The atomic number is the number of protons in the nucleus of an atom.
  • What is an isotope?
    Isotopes are atoms of the same element with the same number of protons but different numbers of neutrons.
  • How does electron distribution affect chemical behavior?
    The distribution of electrons in electron shells determines an atom's chemical behavior.
  • What are valence electrons?
    Valence electrons are the electrons in the outermost shell that determine an atom's chemical reactivity.
  • What is a covalent bond?
    A covalent bond is the sharing of a pair of valence electrons between two atoms.
  • Difference between single and double covalent bonds?
    A single bond shares one pair of electrons; a double bond shares two pairs.
  • What is electronegativity?
    Electronegativity is an atom's attraction for electrons in a covalent bond.
  • Describe a nonpolar covalent bond.
    In a nonpolar covalent bond, electrons are shared equally between atoms.
  • Describe a polar covalent bond.
    In a polar covalent bond, electrons are shared unequally, causing partial charges.
  • What is an ionic bond?
    An ionic bond is the attraction between oppositely charged ions formed by electron transfer.
  • Define cation and anion.
    A cation is a positively charged ion; an anion is a negatively charged ion.
  • What are salts in chemistry?
    Salts are ionic compounds formed by ionic bonds, often found as crystals.
  • What is a hydrogen bond?
    A hydrogen bond forms when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to one electronegative atom is attracted to another electronegative atom.
  • Why are hydrogen bonds important?
    Hydrogen bonds contribute to the structure and properties of water and biological molecules.