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DNA: The Molecule of Heredity - General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (24)

  • What are the three components of a nucleotide?
    A nucleotide is made of a phosphate, a sugar, and a nitrogenous base.
  • What are the four bases in DNA?
    The four bases in DNA are Adenine (A), Thymine (T), Cytosine (C), and Guanine (G).
  • What type of bonds hold the sugar-phosphate backbone together?
    The sugar-phosphate backbone is held together by covalent bonds.
  • What is the structure of DNA called?
    DNA has a double helix structure made of two twisted strands.
  • Which bases pair together in complementary base pairing?
    Adenine (A) pairs with Thymine (T), and Guanine (G) pairs with Cytosine (C).
  • What is a mutation?
    A mutation is any change in the DNA sequence.
  • What does semiconservative replication mean?
    Each new DNA molecule has one original (parental) strand and one newly synthesized strand.
  • What is the role of DNA polymerase?
    DNA polymerase adds new nucleotides during replication and checks for errors.
  • What does DNA helicase do?
    DNA helicase unwinds and separates the two DNA strands.
  • What happens in an insertion mutation?
    Nucleotides are added to the DNA sequence.
  • What happens in a deletion mutation?
    Nucleotides are removed from the DNA sequence.
  • What are inversion and translocation mutations?
    A piece of DNA is reversed (inversion) or moved to a new location (translocation).
  • Why did early scientists doubt DNA was the hereditary molecule?
    They thought DNA was too simple because it has only four bases and seemed less complex than proteins.
  • How does DNA store genetic information?
    The order of A, T, C, and G bases encodes instructions for building proteins.
  • What enzymes are required for DNA replication?
    DNA replication requires DNA helicase, DNA polymerase, and DNA ligase.
  • What is the function of DNA ligase?
    DNA ligase joins DNA fragments together to complete the new strand.
  • What are common environmental causes of mutations?
    Mutations can be caused by UV light and radiation.
  • What is a point mutation?
    A point mutation is a change in a single base pair in the DNA sequence.
  • How do enzymes help maintain DNA accuracy?
    Enzymes proofread and repair mistakes during replication to keep DNA accurate.
  • Why is sunscreen important from a DNA perspective?
    Sunscreen protects DNA from UV damage that can cause mutations and skin cancer.
  • How can understanding DNA mutations help exercise science students?
    It helps explain how mutations in genes like myostatin affect muscle growth and fitness.
  • What questions should consumers ask about DNA-based fitness plans?
    Consumers should ask about the scientific validity and accuracy of the DNA tests used.
  • How is DNA similar to a programming language?
    DNA stores information as a code with instructions, similar to how programming languages store data.
  • How can understanding DNA repair help public health?
    It helps people advocate for safer environments and make choices to reduce mutation risks.