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Eukaryotic Cell Components - General Biology

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  • Structure of Vacuoles

    Membrane: Single membrane containing transporters for selected molecules.

    Components vary: include pigments, oils, carbohydrates, water, or toxins

  • Function of Vacuoles
    Varies—storage of oils, carbohydrates, water, toxins, or coloration.
  • Structure of Mitochondria

    Membrane: Double membrane; outer contains enzymes for pyruvate processing; inner contains enzymes for ATP production.

    Components: enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions, ATP synthesis

  • Function of Mitochondria
    ATP production through oxidation-reduction reactions.
  • Structure of Chloroplasts

    Membrane: Double membrane plus membrane-bound sacs inside containing pigments.

    Components: Pigments, enzymes that catalyze oxidation-reduction reactions

  • Function of Chloroplasts
    Production of ATP and sugars via photosynthesis.

  • Structure of Cytoskeleton

    Membrane: None.

    Components: Actin filaments, intermediate filaments, and microtubules.

  • Function of Cytoskeleton
    Structural support, movement of materials, and sometimes whole cell movement.
  • Structure of Plasma Membrane

    Membrane: Single phospholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins.

    Components: Phosopholipid bilayer with transport and receptor proteins

  • Function of Plasma Membrane
    Selective permeability to maintain intracellular environment.
  • Structure of Cell Wall

    Membrane: None.

    Components: Carbohydrate fibers running through a carbohydrate or protein matrix.

  • Function of Cell Wall
    Protection and structural support.
  • Structure of Nucleus

    Membrane: Double membrane called nuclear envelope with nuclear pores.

    Components: Chromosomes, nucleolous, nuclear lamina

  • Function of Nucleus
    Stores genetic information, assembles ribosome subunits, and provides structural support.
  • Structure of Ribosomes

    Membrane: None.

    Components: of large and small subunits of RNA and proteins.

  • Function of Ribosomes
    Protein synthesis.
  • Structure of Rough ER

    Membrane: Single, contains receptors for entry of selected proteins

    Components: Network of branching sacs with ribosomes attached.

  • Function of Rough ER
    Protein synthesis and processing.
  • Structure of Golgi Apparatus

    Membrane: Single; contains receptors for products of rough ER

    Components: Stack of flattened cisternae.

  • Function of Golgi Apparatus
    Protein processing such as glycosylation.
  • Structure of Smooth ER

    Membrane: Single, contains enzymes for synthesizing phospholipids

    Components: Network of branching sacs without ribosomes, enzymes for synthesizing lipids

  • Function of Smooth ER
    Lipid synthesis.
  • Structure of Peroxisomes

    Membrane: Single membrane containing enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions.

    Components: enzymes that catalyze oxidation reactions, catalase (processes peroxide).

  • Function of Peroxisomes
    Processing of fatty acids and detoxification.
  • Structure of Lysosomes

    Membrane: Single membrane containing proton pumps and acid hydrolases.

    Componens: Acid hydrolases (catalyze hydrolysis reactions)

  • Function of Lysosomes
    Digestion and recycling of cellular materials.