뒤로General Biology: Atoms, Molecules, and Cell Biology
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이 집합의 용어 (30)
Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space.
The smallest unit of an element that retains the properties of that element.
An atom or molecule with a net electric charge due to loss or gain of electrons.
Two or more atoms held together by covalent bonds.
A substance formed when two or more different elements combine in fixed ratios.
A positively charged particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
A neutral particle found in the nucleus of an atom.
A negatively charged particle found in orbitals around the nucleus.
The number of protons in the nucleus; defines the element.
The total number of protons and neutrons in the nucleus.
The tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond.
A chemical bond formed by the transfer of electrons from one atom to another, creating ions.
A chemical bond formed by the sharing of electron pairs between atoms.
A weak attraction between a hydrogen atom and an electronegative atom like oxygen or nitrogen.
Water is a polar molecule due to unequal sharing of electrons between oxygen and hydrogen.
The attraction between water molecules due to hydrogen bonding.
The attraction between water molecules and other substances.
Water can absorb or release large amounts of heat with little temperature change.
A substance that increases H+ concentration in solution.
A substance that decreases H+ concentration or increases OH- concentration.
Measures the H+ concentration in a solution; lower pH is acidic, higher pH is basic.
A substance that minimizes changes in pH by accepting or donating H+ ions.
Monomer: Small building block molecule.
Polymer: Long molecule made of many monomers joined by covalent bonds.
Carbohydrates, Proteins, Lipids, and Nucleic Acids.
Joins monomers by removing water to form polymers.
Breaks polymers into monomers by adding water.
Cells without a nucleus or membrane-bound organelles; smaller (e.g., bacteria).
Cells with a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; larger (e.g., plants, animals).
Organelle responsible for ATP production through cellular respiration.
Mitochondria and chloroplasts originated as free-living prokaryotes engulfed by ancestral eukaryotic cells.