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General Biology: Cell Structure and Membrane Function

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is the basic unit of life?
    The cell is the basic unit of life in all living organisms.
  • Difference between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
    Prokaryotic cells lack a nucleus and membrane-bound organelles; eukaryotic cells have a nucleus and organelles.
  • Function of the plasma membrane
    The plasma membrane regulates the passage of substances in and out of the cell, maintaining homeostasis.
  • What is the fluid mosaic model?
    The fluid mosaic model describes the plasma membrane as a fluid structure with proteins embedded in or attached to a bilayer of phospholipids.
  • Role of phospholipids in the membrane
    Phospholipids form a bilayer with hydrophilic heads facing outward and hydrophobic tails inward, creating a semi-permeable membrane.
  • What are membrane proteins and their functions?
    Membrane proteins function as transporters, enzymes, receptors, and provide structural support.
  • Define diffusion
    Diffusion is the passive movement of molecules from an area of higher concentration to lower concentration.
  • What is osmosis?
    Osmosis is the diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane.
  • Difference between passive and active transport
    Passive transport requires no energy and moves substances down their concentration gradient; active transport requires energy to move substances against the gradient.
  • What is facilitated diffusion?
    Facilitated diffusion uses transport proteins to help molecules cross the membrane without energy.
  • Role of ATP in active transport
    ATP provides energy to transport proteins to move molecules against their concentration gradient.
  • What is endocytosis?
    Endocytosis is the process by which cells engulf substances by forming vesicles from the plasma membrane.
  • What is exocytosis?
    Exocytosis is the process of vesicles fusing with the plasma membrane to release contents outside the cell.
  • Function of the nucleus
    The nucleus stores genetic material (DNA) and controls cell activities.
  • What are ribosomes?
    Ribosomes are the sites of protein synthesis in the cell.
  • Role of the endoplasmic reticulum (ER)
    The rough ER synthesizes proteins; the smooth ER synthesizes lipids and detoxifies chemicals.
  • Function of the Golgi apparatus
    The Golgi apparatus modifies, sorts, and packages proteins and lipids for transport.
  • What are lysosomes?
    Lysosomes contain enzymes that digest macromolecules and recycle cellular components.
  • Role of mitochondria
    Mitochondria generate ATP through cellular respiration, supplying energy to the cell.
  • What is the cytoskeleton?
    The cytoskeleton provides structural support, aids in cell movement, and organizes organelles.