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General Biology: History of Life, Phylogeny, and Plant Diversity

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이 집합의 용어 (20)

  • What is phylogeny?
    Phylogeny is the evolutionary history and relationships among species or groups of organisms.
  • What does the history of life study?
    The history of life studies the origin, evolution, and extinction of organisms over geological time.
  • What is a clade in phylogeny?
    A clade is a group of organisms that includes an ancestor and all its descendants.
  • What is the significance of seed plants in plant diversity?
    Seed plants produce seeds for reproduction, allowing better survival and dispersal compared to seedless plants.
  • Name two major groups of seed plants.
    Gymnosperms and angiosperms are the two major groups of seed plants.
  • What distinguishes gymnosperms from angiosperms?
    Gymnosperms have naked seeds not enclosed in fruit, while angiosperms have seeds enclosed within fruits.
  • What are the main characteristics of plant diversity I (non-seed plants)?
    Non-seed plants include mosses, liverworts, and ferns; they reproduce via spores and often require water for fertilization.
  • What role do spores play in plant life cycles?
    Spores are haploid reproductive cells that can develop into a new organism without fertilization.
  • What is the importance of vascular tissue in plants?
    Vascular tissue (xylem and phloem) transports water, nutrients, and sugars, enabling plants to grow taller and larger.
  • Define the term 'monophyletic group'.
    A monophyletic group consists of an ancestor and all of its descendants, representing a single branch on the tree of life.
  • What is the significance of the fossil record in the history of life?
    The fossil record provides evidence of past life forms and evolutionary changes over time.
  • What is adaptive radiation?
    Adaptive radiation is the rapid evolution of many species from a common ancestor to fill diverse ecological niches.
  • How do angiosperms reproduce?
    Angiosperms reproduce sexually through flowers, producing seeds enclosed in fruits.
  • What is the function of flowers in angiosperms?
    Flowers facilitate reproduction by attracting pollinators and producing gametes.
  • What is the difference between homology and analogy in phylogeny?
    Homology refers to traits inherited from a common ancestor; analogy refers to similar traits evolved independently.
  • What is a phylogenetic tree?
    A phylogenetic tree is a diagram showing evolutionary relationships among species based on shared traits.
  • What are bryophytes?
    Bryophytes are non-vascular plants like mosses that live in moist environments and lack true roots.
  • What evolutionary advantage do seeds provide over spores?
    Seeds protect the embryo, provide stored food, and allow dormancy, improving survival in harsh conditions.
  • What is the role of xylem in plants?
    Xylem transports water and minerals from roots to other parts of the plant.
  • What is the role of phloem in plants?
    Phloem transports sugars and organic nutrients from leaves to other parts of the plant.