뒤로General Biology Terms
02:09
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DNA is the molecule that carries genetic information in living organisms.
A section of DNA that codes for a trait or characteristic
A version of a gene found on a chromosome
A structure made of DNA and proteins that contains many genes.
The genetic makeup of an organism; the combination of alleles it has.
BB Bb bb
The observable characteristics of an organism. Brown eyes
Having two identical alleles for a particular gene. BB/bb
Having two different alleles for a particular gene. Bb
Diploid
A cell that has two sets of paired homologous chromosomes (2n) one set from the mother and one from the father. Somatic or body cells, such as skin, muscle, and nerve cells. Chromosome Number in Humans (2n = 46) (23 pairs). Produced or maintained by mitosis. Most plants, frogs, and fish.
Haploid
A haploid cell is a cell that contains a single set of unpaired chromosomes (n) Human Examples: Sperm and egg cells (gametes). Chromosome Number in Humans: (n = 23) (23 total single chromosomes). Produced by meiosis. Male ants, bees, and wasps.
Mitosis is a type of cell division that produces two genetically identical diploid (2n) daughter cells from a single parent cell. It is used for growth, tissue repair, and asexual reproduction in body (somatic) cells.
Meiosis is a two-step cell division process that produces four genetically unique haploid (n) daughter cells (gametes: sperm and egg) from a single diploid cell. It halves the chromosome number and introduces genetic variation for sexual reproduction.
The separation of alleles during gamete formation in meiosis.
The exchange of DNA between homologous chromosomes during meiosis.
The random alignment and separation of different gene pairs during meiosis.
The fusion of male and female gametes to form a zygote.
The passing of genetic traits from parents to offspring.
Complete dominance occurs when one allele completely masks the recessive allele in a heterozygote. The phenotype looks exactly like the homozygous dominant parent (e.g., Red x White = Red flowers).
Incomplete dominance is a pattern where neither allele is completely dominant, resulting in a heterozygous phenotype that is an intermediate blend of both parental traits (e.g., Red x White = Pink flowers).
Co dominance occurs when both alleles in a heterozygote are fully expressed in the heterozygote. Both traits appear distinctly without blending (e.g., Red x White = Red and White spotted flowers, or AB blood type).
Linked genes are genes located close together on the same chromosome and tend to be inherited together.
Unlinked genes are genes located on different chromosomes or far apart on the same chromosome, assorting independently.