뒤로Genetics Chapter 13
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Hereditary.
Transmission of traits from parents to offspring.
Genetics.
Study of heredity and inherited variation.
somatic cells
Body cells that contain 2 sets of chromosomes.
Genes
Small segments of DNA encoding proteins that could lead to expression of a trait. An example is gene for eye color.
Alleles.
Alternative versions of a specific gene. For example, gene for blue eyes VS gene for brown eyes.
Alleles are typically represented using what?
Capital and lower case letters
Alternative forms of the same gene are called what?
Alleles.
Cell ploidy
The numbers of copies of specific genes /chromosomes found in a cell.
Haploid. (n):
One copy of each gene /chromosome.
Diploid (2n)
Two copies of each gene One copy inherited from each parent. chromosome. One copy inherited from each parent
Karyotype.
An ordered display of all chromosomes in the cell.
How many pairs of chromosomes do human somatic cells contain?
23 (For a total of 46.)
Autosomes
Non sex chromosomes that are found in both males and females.
Sex chromosomes.
Chromosomes that determines the sex of an Organism.
How many chromosomes are sex
One pair. (X and Y chromosome)
What type of chromosomes do females have
XX
What type of chromosomeso males have?
X Y.
Homologous chromosomes.
Pairs of chromosomes similar in shape, size and carry the same genes but have different alleles.
True or false? Within each homogeneous chromosome pair, one is paternally inherited and the other is maternally Inherited.
True.
True or false? The life cycle of cellular reproducers include both mitosis and meiosis.
True.
Meiosis.
Form of eukaryotic cell division that produces haploid (n)gametes. (sperm and egg cell)
Gametes.
Sperm and egg cell.
Fertilization.
Process of merging gametes, (sperm and egg fusion) to create a zygote.
Zygote.
The very first diploid (2n) cell of a new developing Organism where mitosis starts.