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Proteins and Amino Acids - General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (22)

  • What are proteins made of?
    Proteins are made up of amino acids, which are the monomers of proteins.
  • How many different amino acids are there?
    There are 20 different amino acids that make up proteins.
  • What are the three main parts of an amino acid?
    An amino acid consists of an amino group, a carboxyl group, and an R-group attached to a central carbon.
  • What determines the difference between amino acids?
    The R-group (side chain) varies among amino acids and determines their properties.
  • How are amino acids classified based on their R-groups?
    Amino acids are classified as polar (hydrophilic) or nonpolar (hydrophobic) depending on their R-groups.
  • What makes an amino acid nonpolar?
    If the R-group contains only H or H + C, the amino acid is nonpolar (hydrophobic).
  • Give examples of nonpolar amino acids.
    Examples include glycine, alanine, and leucine.
  • What makes an amino acid acidic?
    Amino acids with a carboxyl group (-COOH) in their R-group are acidic, e.g., aspartic acid and glutamic acid.
  • What makes an amino acid basic?
    Amino acids with an amino group (-NH2) in their R-group are basic, e.g., lysine.
  • What is a polymer and a monomer in the context of proteins?
    Monomers are building blocks (amino acids), and polymers are many monomers linked together (proteins).
  • How are amino acids linked to form proteins?
    Amino acids are linked by peptide bonds formed through dehydration synthesis reactions.
  • What is dehydration synthesis in protein formation?
    It is the process where two amino acids lose a water molecule to form a peptide bond and create a dipeptide.
  • What is hydrolysis in the context of proteins?
    Hydrolysis is the reverse reaction where water breaks peptide bonds, separating amino acids.
  • What is a dipeptide, tripeptide, and polypeptide?
    A dipeptide has 2 amino acids, a tripeptide has 3, and a polypeptide has many amino acids linked.
  • Why is the order of amino acids important in peptides?
    The sequence determines the peptide's identity and function; e.g., tyrosine-valine differs from valine-tyrosine.
  • Which amino acid has the simplest R-group?
    Glycine has the simplest R-group, which is just a hydrogen atom (H).
  • What is the R-group of alanine?
    Alanine's R-group is a methyl group (CH3).
  • What is the R-group of serine?
    Serine's R-group contains a hydroxymethyl group (CH2OH).
  • What is the R-group of aspartic acid?
    Aspartic acid's R-group is CH2COOH, which makes it acidic.
  • What is the R-group of leucine?
    Leucine's R-group is CH2-CH-(CH3)2, a branched nonpolar side chain.
  • What is the R-group of lysine?
    Lysine's R-group is CH2CH2CH2CH2NH2, making it basic.
  • What is the relationship between DNA, mRNA, and proteins?
    DNA is transcribed into mRNA, which is then translated into proteins.