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Synovial Joints and Muscle Actions in General Biology

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이 집합의 용어 (21)

  • What is the function of the joint capsule in a synovial joint?
    The joint capsule is a fibrous structure that surrounds the joint, providing stability and enclosing the joint cavity.
  • What role does articular cartilage play in synovial joints?
    Articular cartilage covers the ends of bones with a smooth, protective layer that reduces friction and absorbs shock.
  • What is the function of ligaments in synovial joints?
    Ligaments are strong connective tissues that connect bones and provide stability to the joint.
  • How do tendons contribute to joint movement?
    Tendons attach muscles to bones and transmit muscle force to aid joint movement.
  • What is the joint cavity and its function?
    The joint cavity is a fluid-filled space between articulating bones that allows smooth movement.
  • What is the purpose of bursae in synovial joints?
    Bursae are small fluid-filled sacs that reduce friction between bones and surrounding soft tissues like tendons or skin.
  • Define flexion in terms of joint movement.
    Flexion is a movement that decreases the angle between two bones at a joint, typically bending a limb.
  • What is extension in joint movements?
    Extension is the movement that increases the angle between two bones, straightening a limb.
  • Describe abduction and adduction movements.
    Abduction moves a limb away from the midline, while adduction moves it toward the midline.
  • What is supination and pronation of the forearm?
    Supination rotates the forearm so the palm faces anteriorly or upward; pronation rotates it so the palm faces posteriorly or downward.
  • Explain dorsiflexion and plantar flexion of the foot.
    Dorsiflexion is lifting the foot upward toward the shin; plantar flexion is pointing the foot downward away from the shin.
  • What happens during elevation and depression movements?
    Elevation is the upward movement of a body part; depression is the downward movement.
  • Describe the articulation between the mandible and temporal bone.
    The mandibular fossa of the temporal bone articulates with the mandibular condyle of the mandible.
  • What bones articulate at the shoulder joint?
    The head of the humerus articulates with the glenoid cavity (fossa) of the scapula.
  • Describe the articulation between the ulna and humerus.
    The trochlea of the humerus fits into the trochlear notch of the ulna.
  • How do the radius and humerus articulate at the elbow?
    The capitulum of the humerus articulates with the head of the radius.
  • What is the articulation point between the femur and os coxa?
    The head of the femur fits into the acetabulum of the os coxa.
  • Explain the movement of the femur during hip flexion.
    During hip flexion, the femur is pulled anterior and up, and the head of the femur rolls backward in the acetabulum.
  • Describe the movement of the humerus during shoulder abduction.
    In shoulder abduction, the humerus is pulled lateral and up, and the head of the humerus rolls medially in the glenoid cavity.
  • What occurs at the knee joint during flexion?
    During knee flexion, the tibia is pulled posterior and down, and its epicondyles roll forward over the femur's condyles.
  • How does the radius move during supination of the elbow?
    In supination, the radius is pulled medially, and its head rolls laterally over the capitulum of the humerus.