Which of the following metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy from some other process?
a. ADP + Ⓟ_i → ATP + H₂O
b. C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂ → 6CO₂+ 6H₂O
c. 6CO₂+ 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂
d. Aminoacids →Protein

검증된 단계별 안내

Understand that metabolic processes can be either exergonic or endergonic. Exergonic processes release energy and can occur spontaneously, while endergonic processes require an input of energy.

Examine each option to determine if it is exergonic or endergonic. Option a (ADP + Pi → ATP + H2O) is an endergonic process because it requires energy to form ATP from ADP and inorganic phosphate.

Option b (C6H12O6 + 6 O2 → 6 CO2 + 6 H2O) is the process of cellular respiration, which is exergonic. It releases energy by breaking down glucose in the presence of oxygen.

Option c (6 CO2 + 6 H2O → C6H12O6 + 6 O2) is photosynthesis, an endergonic process that requires energy input from sunlight to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen.

Option d (Amino acids → Protein) is an endergonic process known as protein synthesis, which requires energy to form peptide bonds between amino acids.

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주요 개념

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Exergonic vs Endergonic Reactions

Exergonic reactions release energy and occur spontaneously, while endergonic reactions require an input of energy to proceed. Understanding these concepts helps determine which metabolic processes can occur without a net influx of energy, as exergonic reactions are self-sustaining.

Cellular Respiration

Cellular respiration is a metabolic process where glucose (C6H12O6) is broken down in the presence of oxygen (O2) to produce carbon dioxide (CO2), water (H2O), and energy in the form of ATP. This process is exergonic, releasing energy that can be used by the cell, making it a candidate for occurring without additional energy input.

Photosynthesis

Photosynthesis is the process by which plants convert carbon dioxide (CO2) and water (H2O) into glucose (C6H12O6) and oxygen (O2) using energy from sunlight. This is an endergonic reaction, requiring energy input, typically from sunlight, to drive the conversion, indicating it cannot occur without external energy.