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Ch. 5 - Integration
5์žฅ, ๋ฌธ์ œ 5.5.90

Integrals with sinยฒ ๐“ and cosยฒ ๐“ Evaluate the following integrals.                                                                                                             
                                                                                                                                                                    
 โˆซโ‚€^ฯ€/โด cosยฒ 8ฮธ dฮธ

๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ๋‹จ๊ณ„๋ณ„ ์•ˆ๋‚ด
1
Step 1: Recognize that the integral involves cosยฒ(8ฮธ). To simplify this, use the trigonometric identity cosยฒ(x) = (1 + cos(2x)) / 2.
Step 2: Substitute the identity into the integral. The integral becomes โˆซโ‚€^(ฯ€/4) [(1 + cos(16ฮธ)) / 2] dฮธ.
Step 3: Split the integral into two separate integrals: (1/2) โˆซโ‚€^(ฯ€/4) 1 dฮธ + (1/2) โˆซโ‚€^(ฯ€/4) cos(16ฮธ) dฮธ.
Step 4: Evaluate the first integral, (1/2) โˆซโ‚€^(ฯ€/4) 1 dฮธ, which is straightforward as it represents the area under a constant function. For the second integral, (1/2) โˆซโ‚€^(ฯ€/4) cos(16ฮธ) dฮธ, use the formula for the integral of cos(kx), which is (1/k) sin(kx).
Step 5: Apply the limits of integration (0 to ฯ€/4) to both parts of the integral. For the first part, calculate the result of (1/2) ฮธ evaluated at the limits. For the second part, calculate (1/2) * (1/16) * sin(16ฮธ) evaluated at the limits.

๋น„์Šทํ•œ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋Œ€ํ•œ ๊ฒ€์ฆ๋œ ์˜์ƒ ๋‹ต๋ณ€:

์ด ์˜์ƒ ํ•ด๋ฒ•์€ ์œ„ ๋ฌธ์ œ์— ๋„์›€์ด ๋œ๋‹ค๊ณ  ํŠœํ„ฐ๋“ค์ด ์ถ”์ฒœํ•œ ๊ฒƒ์ž…๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.
์˜์ƒ ๊ธธ์ด:
3m

์ฃผ์š” ๊ฐœ๋…

์งˆ๋ฌธ์— ์˜ฌ๋ฐ”๋ฅด๊ฒŒ ๋‹ตํ•˜๊ธฐ ์œ„ํ•ด ๋ฐ˜๋“œ์‹œ ์ดํ•ดํ•ด์•ผ ํ•˜๋Š” ํ•ต์‹ฌ ๊ฐœ๋…๋“ค์€ ๋‹ค์Œ๊ณผ ๊ฐ™์Šต๋‹ˆ๋‹ค.

Trigonometric Identities

Trigonometric identities are equations involving trigonometric functions that are true for all values of the variables. Key identities include the Pythagorean identities, such as sinยฒ(x) + cosยฒ(x) = 1, and double angle formulas. These identities are essential for simplifying integrals involving sinยฒ(x) and cosยฒ(x), allowing for easier evaluation.
์ถ”์ฒœ ์˜์ƒ:
7:17
Verifying Trig Equations as Identities

Integration Techniques

Integration techniques are methods used to find the integral of a function. Common techniques include substitution, integration by parts, and using trigonometric identities to simplify the integrand. For integrals involving cosยฒ(ฮธ), applying the identity cosยฒ(ฮธ) = (1 + cos(2ฮธ))/2 can transform the integral into a more manageable form.
์ถ”์ฒœ ์˜์ƒ:
๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ์ฝ”์Šค
06:18
Integration by Parts for Definite Integrals

Definite Integrals

Definite integrals calculate the area under a curve between two specified limits. The notation โˆซโ‚แต‡ f(x) dx represents the integral of f(x) from a to b. Evaluating definite integrals often involves finding the antiderivative of the function and applying the Fundamental Theorem of Calculus, which states that the definite integral can be computed by evaluating the antiderivative at the upper and lower limits.
์ถ”์ฒœ ์˜์ƒ:
๊ฐ€์ด๋“œ ์ฝ”์Šค
05:43
Definition of the Definite Integral
๊ด€๋ จ ์‹ค์ฒœ
๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

Max/min of area functions Suppose ฦ’ is continuous on [0 ,โˆž) and A(๐“) is the net area of the region bounded by the graph of ฦ’ and the t-axis on [0, x]. Show that the local maxima and minima of A occur at the zeros of ฦ’. Verify this fact with the function ฦ’(๐“) = ๐“ยฒ - 10๐“.

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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

{Use of Tech} Sigma notation for Riemann sums Use sigma notation to write the following Riemann sums. Then evaluate each Riemann sum using Theorem 5.1 or a calculator.

The right Riemann sum for ฦ’(๐“)) = x + 1 on [0, 4] with n = 50.

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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

Definite integrals Use geometry (not Riemann sums) to evaluate the following definite integrals. Sketch a graph of the integrand, show the region in question, and interpret your result.                                                                                                                                      

                                                                                                                                                                                       

 โˆซโ‚€โด (8โ€•2๐“) d๐“

86
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

Definite integrals from graphs The figure shows the areas of regions bounded by the graph of ฦ’ and the ๐“-axis. Evaluate the following integrals.



โˆซโ‚€แตƒ ฦ’(๐“) d๐“

57
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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

Average values Find the average value of the following functions on the given interval. Draw a graph of the function and indicate the average value.

ฦ’(๐“) = 1/(๐“ยฒ + 1) on [โ€•1, 1]

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๊ต๊ณผ์„œ ์งˆ๋ฌธ

Areas of regions Find the area of the following regions.                                                                                                                   

                                                                                                                                                                 The region bounded by the graph of ฦ’(๐“) = (๐“โ€•4)โด and the ๐“-axis between and ๐“ = 2 and ๐“= 6

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