Butyric acid is responsible for the foul smell of rancid butter. The pKa of butyric acid is 4.84. (c) Calculate the pH of a 0.050 M solution of sodium butyrate.

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Identify that sodium butyrate is the salt of butyric acid and will hydrolyze in water to form butyric acid and hydroxide ions.

Write the hydrolysis equation: \( \text{C}_4\text{H}_7\text{COONa} + \text{H}_2\text{O} \rightleftharpoons \text{C}_4\text{H}_7\text{COOH} + \text{OH}^- \).

Use the relationship between \( K_a \) and \( K_b \) for a conjugate acid-base pair: \( K_w = K_a \times K_b \), where \( K_w = 1.0 \times 10^{-14} \) at 25°C.

Calculate \( K_b \) using the given \( pK_a \) of butyric acid: \( K_a = 10^{-pK_a} \), then \( K_b = \frac{K_w}{K_a} \).

Set up the expression for \( K_b \) and solve for \( [OH^-] \) using the initial concentration of sodium butyrate and the assumption that \( x \) (the change in concentration) is small compared to the initial concentration.

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주요 개념

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pKa and pH Relationship

The pKa value of an acid indicates the strength of the acid in solution, with lower pKa values corresponding to stronger acids. The pH of a solution is a measure of its hydrogen ion concentration. In the case of weak acids and their conjugate bases, the Henderson-Hasselbalch equation can be used to relate pH, pKa, and the concentrations of the acid and its conjugate base.

Sodium Butyrate as a Conjugate Base

Sodium butyrate is the sodium salt of butyric acid, and it acts as a conjugate base in solution. When dissolved in water, it dissociates to release butyrate ions, which can accept protons, thereby affecting the pH of the solution. Understanding the role of sodium butyrate as a weak base is essential for calculating the resulting pH.

Henderson-Hasselbalch Equation

The Henderson-Hasselbalch equation is a formula used to calculate the pH of a buffer solution. It is expressed as pH = pKa + log([A-]/[HA]), where [A-] is the concentration of the conjugate base and [HA] is the concentration of the weak acid. In this scenario, since sodium butyrate is the conjugate base and butyric acid is the weak acid, this equation will help determine the pH of the sodium butyrate solution.