Acetylene gas, C2H2(𝑔), can be prepared by the reaction of calcium carbide with water:

CaC2(𝑠)+2 H2O(𝑙)⟶Ca(OH)2(𝑎𝑞)+C2H2(𝑔)
Calculate the volume of C2H2 that is collected over water at 23°C by reaction of 1.524 g of CaC2 if the total pressure of the gas is 753 torr. (The vapor pressure of water is tabulated in Appendix B.)

검증된 단계별 안내

Determine the moles of CaC2 by using its molar mass. Use the formula: \( \text{moles} = \frac{\text{mass}}{\text{molar mass}} \).

Use the stoichiometry of the balanced chemical equation to find the moles of C2H2 produced. According to the equation, 1 mole of CaC2 produces 1 mole of C2H2.

Calculate the partial pressure of C2H2 by subtracting the vapor pressure of water at 23°C from the total pressure. Use the formula: \( P_{\text{C2H2}} = P_{\text{total}} - P_{\text{H2O}} \).

Use the ideal gas law to calculate the volume of C2H2. The formula is \( PV = nRT \), where \( P \) is the partial pressure of C2H2, \( V \) is the volume, \( n \) is the moles of C2H2, \( R \) is the ideal gas constant, and \( T \) is the temperature in Kelvin.

Convert the temperature from Celsius to Kelvin by adding 273.15 to the Celsius temperature. Use this temperature in the ideal gas law calculation.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Stoichiometry

Stoichiometry is the calculation of reactants and products in chemical reactions based on the balanced chemical equation. It allows us to determine the amount of product formed from a given amount of reactant. In this case, knowing the mass of calcium carbide (CaC2) enables us to calculate the moles of acetylene (C2H2) produced using the stoichiometric coefficients from the balanced equation.

Gas Laws

Gas laws describe the behavior of gases in relation to pressure, volume, and temperature. The ideal gas law (PV=nRT) is particularly useful for calculating the volume of a gas under specific conditions. In this question, we need to account for the total pressure and the vapor pressure of water to find the effective pressure of the acetylene gas, which is essential for determining its volume.

Vapor Pressure of Water

The vapor pressure of water is the pressure exerted by water vapor in equilibrium with its liquid at a given temperature. It is crucial to consider this when collecting gases over water, as the total pressure measured includes both the gas of interest and the water vapor. By subtracting the vapor pressure of water from the total pressure, we can isolate the pressure of the acetylene gas, allowing for accurate volume calculations.