The relative rates of the reaction A + B S AB in vessels (1)–(3) are 4:4:1. Red spheres represent A molecules, and blue spheres represent B molecules. (1)-(3)
(a) What is the order of the reaction in A and B?

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the number of A and B molecules in each vessel. Vessel 1: 2 A and 3 B, Vessel 2: 4 A and 3 B, Vessel 3: 3 A and 2 B.

Note the given relative rates of the reaction in vessels 1, 2, and 3, which are 4:4:1.

Set up the rate law expression for the reaction: rate = k[A]^m[B]^n.

Compare the rates and concentrations between vessels to determine the reaction order. For example, compare vessels 1 and 2 to find the order with respect to A, and compare vessels 1 and 3 to find the order with respect to B.

Solve the equations derived from the comparisons to find the values of m and n, which represent the order of the reaction with respect to A and B, respectively.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Reaction Order

The reaction order refers to the power to which the concentration of a reactant is raised in the rate law of a chemical reaction. It indicates how the rate of reaction is affected by the concentration of reactants. For example, a first-order reaction in A means that doubling the concentration of A will double the reaction rate, while a second-order reaction means that doubling A will quadruple the rate.

Rate Law

The rate law expresses the relationship between the rate of a chemical reaction and the concentration of its reactants. It is typically written in the form Rate = k[A]^m[B]^n, where k is the rate constant, and m and n are the orders of the reaction with respect to reactants A and B, respectively. Understanding the rate law is crucial for determining how changes in concentration affect the reaction rate.

Stoichiometry of the Reaction

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationships between the reactants and products in a chemical reaction. In this case, the stoichiometry of the reaction A + B → AB can help determine the relative amounts of A and B that react. The given rates of reaction in different vessels can be analyzed to infer the stoichiometric coefficients, which are essential for deducing the order of the reaction in A and B.

The relative rates of the reaction A + B S AB in vessels (1)–(3) are 4:4:1. Red spheres represent A molecules, and blue spheres represent B molecules. (1)-(3) (a) What is the order of the reaction in A and B?