Acetic acid tends to form dimers, (CH₃CO₂H₂), because of hydrogen bonding: The equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction is 1.51⨉10² in benzene solution but only 3.7⨉10^-2 in water solution. (b) Calculate the ratio of dimers to monomers for 0.100 M acetic acid in water.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the equilibrium reaction for the dimerization of acetic acid: 2 \(\text{CH}\)_3\(\text{CO}\)_2\(\text{H}\) \(\rightleftharpoons\) (\(\text{CH}\)_3\(\text{CO}\)_2\(\text{H}\))_2.

Write the expression for the equilibrium constant, K_c, for the reaction: K_c = \(\frac{[(\text{CH}\)_3\(\text{CO}\)_2\(\text{H}\))_2]}{[\(\text{CH}\)_3\(\text{CO}\)_2\(\text{H}\)]^2}.

Substitute the given K_c value for water (3.7 \(\times\) 10^{-2}) into the equilibrium expression.

Let x be the concentration of dimers at equilibrium. Then, the concentration of monomers at equilibrium is (0.100 - 2x) M.

Solve the equation 3.7 \(\times\) 10^{-2} = \(\frac{x}{(0.100 - 2x)^2}\) to find the ratio of dimers to monomers, \(\frac{x}{0.100 - 2x}\).

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10m

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Hydrogen Bonding

Hydrogen bonding is a type of intermolecular force that occurs when a hydrogen atom covalently bonded to a highly electronegative atom, such as oxygen or nitrogen, experiences an attraction to another electronegative atom. In the case of acetic acid, the hydrogen bonds between molecules lead to the formation of dimers, which significantly affects the concentration of monomers and dimers in solution.

Equilibrium Constant (Kc)

The equilibrium constant (Kc) is a numerical value that expresses the ratio of the concentrations of products to reactants at equilibrium for a given reaction at a specific temperature. In this context, Kc indicates the extent to which acetic acid forms dimers in different solvents, with higher values suggesting a greater tendency to form dimers, as seen in benzene compared to water.

Concentration and Ratio Calculations

Concentration refers to the amount of a substance in a given volume of solution, typically expressed in molarity (M). To calculate the ratio of dimers to monomers in a solution of acetic acid, one must use the equilibrium constant and the initial concentration to determine the concentrations of both species at equilibrium, allowing for the calculation of their ratio.

Acetic acid tends to form dimers, (CH3CO2H2), because of hydrogen bonding: The equilibrium constant Kc for this reaction is 1.51⨉102 in benzene solution but only 3.7⨉10-2 in water solution. (b) Calculate the ratio of dimers to monomers for 0.100 M acetic acid in water.