What are the molecular (formula) weights of the following substances? (a) Hg2Cl2 (calomel, used at one time as a bowel purgative)

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Identify the elements in the compound Hg2Cl2: Mercury (Hg) and Chlorine (Cl).

Determine the number of each type of atom in the formula: Hg2Cl2 has 2 mercury atoms and 2 chlorine atoms.

Find the atomic weights of the elements from the periodic table: Mercury (Hg) has an atomic weight of approximately 200.59 g/mol, and Chlorine (Cl) has an atomic weight of approximately 35.45 g/mol.

Calculate the total weight of mercury in the compound: Multiply the atomic weight of mercury by the number of mercury atoms (2).

Calculate the total weight of chlorine in the compound: Multiply the atomic weight of chlorine by the number of chlorine atoms (2).

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주요 개념

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Molecular Weight

Molecular weight, or molar mass, is the mass of one mole of a substance, expressed in grams per mole (g/mol). It is calculated by summing the atomic weights of all atoms in a molecular formula. Understanding how to determine molecular weight is essential for stoichiometric calculations in chemistry, as it allows for the conversion between grams of a substance and moles.

Periodic Table

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of chemical elements, organized by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties. Each element's atomic weight is listed, which is crucial for calculating molecular weights. Familiarity with the periodic table enables students to quickly find the necessary atomic weights for elements in a compound.

Chemical Formula

A chemical formula represents the composition of a substance, indicating the types and numbers of atoms present. For example, Hg2Cl2 indicates that the compound contains two mercury (Hg) atoms and two chlorine (Cl) atoms. Understanding how to interpret chemical formulas is vital for determining the molecular weight and for grasping the relationships between different substances in chemical reactions.