Skip to main content
Ch.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics
Tro - Chemistry: A Molecular Approach 4th Edition
Tro4th EditionChemistry: A Molecular ApproachISBN: 9780134112831당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Tro 4th EditionCh.18 - Free Energy and Thermodynamics문제 27
18장, 문제 27

Which of these processes is spontaneous? a. the combustion of natural gas b. the extraction of iron metal from iron ore c. a hot drink cooling to room temperature d. drawing heat energy from the ocean's surface to power a ship

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Understand the concept of spontaneity. A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally without any external influence. It is a process that, once started, continues by itself until it has reached a state of equilibrium.
Step 2: Apply this concept to each of the given processes. a. The combustion of natural gas is a spontaneous process because once ignited, it continues to burn without any external influence. b. The extraction of iron metal from iron ore is not a spontaneous process because it requires external energy in the form of heat to extract the metal from the ore. c. A hot drink cooling to room temperature is a spontaneous process because it naturally occurs as the drink loses heat to its surroundings. d. Drawing heat energy from the ocean's surface to power a ship is not a spontaneous process because it requires a mechanism to convert the heat energy into a form that can be used to power the ship.
Step 3: Therefore, the spontaneous processes among the given options are the combustion of natural gas and a hot drink cooling to room temperature.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.
영상 길이:
1m

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Spontaneity in Chemical Processes

A spontaneous process is one that occurs naturally without the need for external energy input. It is driven by the increase in entropy, or disorder, of the system and its surroundings. Spontaneity is often assessed using Gibbs free energy, where a negative change indicates a spontaneous reaction at constant temperature and pressure.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
04:20
Spontaneity of Processes

Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, processes that increase the total entropy of the universe are favored and tend to be spontaneous. For example, when a hot drink cools, the energy disperses into the surroundings, increasing entropy.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
02:46
Entropy in Thermodynamics

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs free energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that helps predict the spontaneity of a process at constant temperature and pressure. The change in Gibbs free energy (ΔG) is calculated as ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the change in entropy. A negative ΔG indicates a spontaneous process.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
01:51
Gibbs Free Energy of Reactions
관련 실천
교과서 질문

Which of these processes are nonspontaneous? Are the nonspontaneous processes impossible? a. a bike going up a hill b. a meteor falling to Earth c. obtaining hydrogen gas from liquid water d. a ball rolling down a hill

1301
views
교과서 질문

Two systems, each composed of two particles represented by circles, have 20 J of total energy. Which system, A or B, has the greater entropy? Why?

418
views
교과서 질문

Two systems, each composed of three particles represented by circles, have 30 J of total energy. How many energetically equivalent ways can you distribute the particles in each system? Which system has greater entropy?

1463
views