How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by catabolism of the following fatty acids, and how many β oxidations are needed?
a. Palmitic acid, CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the structure of the fatty acid. Palmitic acid has the formula CH₃(CH₂)₁₄COOH. This means it has a total of 16 carbon atoms (1 from CH₃, 14 from CH₂ groups, and 1 from the COOH group).

Step 2: Recall the process of ß-oxidation. Each cycle of ß-oxidation removes a 2-carbon acetyl group from the fatty acid chain, which is converted into acetyl-CoA. The number of ß-oxidation cycles required is one less than the number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced.

Step 3: Determine the number of acetyl-CoA molecules. Since each acetyl-CoA contains 2 carbons, divide the total number of carbons in palmitic acid (16) by 2. This gives the total number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced.

Step 4: Calculate the number of ß-oxidation cycles. Subtract 1 from the number of acetyl-CoA molecules calculated in Step 3. This is because the final 2-carbon unit does not require an additional ß-oxidation cycle to be released.

Step 5: Summarize the results. The number of acetyl-CoA molecules produced and the number of ß-oxidation cycles required can now be determined based on the calculations in Steps 3 and 4.

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주요 개념

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Fatty Acid Catabolism

Fatty acid catabolism refers to the metabolic process by which fatty acids are broken down to produce energy. This process primarily occurs in the mitochondria through a series of reactions known as beta-oxidation, where fatty acids are converted into acetyl-CoA units, which then enter the citric acid cycle for further energy production.

Beta-Oxidation

Beta-oxidation is the biochemical pathway that breaks down fatty acids into acetyl-CoA. Each cycle of beta-oxidation shortens the fatty acid chain by two carbon atoms, producing one molecule of acetyl-CoA and generating reducing equivalents in the form of NADH and FADH2, which are used in the electron transport chain to produce ATP.

Acetyl-CoA Production

Acetyl-CoA is a central metabolite in energy metabolism, formed from the breakdown of carbohydrates, fats, and proteins. In the context of fatty acid catabolism, each molecule of palmitic acid (a 16-carbon fatty acid) undergoes seven cycles of beta-oxidation, yielding eight molecules of acetyl-CoA, which can then be utilized in the citric acid cycle for ATP production.

How many molecules of acetyl-CoA are produced by catabolism of the following fatty acids, and how many β oxidations are needed?a. Palmitic acid, CH3(CH2)14COOH