뒤로Chapter 10: Controlling Microbial Growth in the Body
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Difference between a drug and an antibiotic?
Drugs: Chemicals that affect physiology in any manner
Chemotherapeutic agents: Drugs that act against diseases
Antimicrobial agents (antimicrobials): Drugs that treat infections
Antibiotics: Antimicrobial agents produced naturally by organisms
Alexander Fleming
1928, the British bacteriologist Alexander Fleming (1881–1955) reported the antibacterial action of penicillin released from Penicillium mold, which creates a zone where bacteria don’t grow
sulfanilamide
Discovered in 1932 by the German chemist Gerhard Domagk (1895–1964), was the first practical antimicrobial agent efficacious in treating a wide array of bacterial infections.
Semi-synthetic, Synthetics, Antibiotics
Semi-synthetics: chemically altered antibiotics that are more effective, longer-lasting, or easier to administer than naturally occurring ones
Synthetics: antimicrobials that are completely synthesized in a lab
Antibiotics: Antimicrobial agents produced naturally by organisms
Peptidoglycan
Is a huge macromolecule composed of polysaccharide chains of alternating N-acetylglucosamine (NAG) and N-acetylmuramic acid (NAM) molecules that are cross-linked by short peptide chains extending between NAM subunits