뒤로Microbiology: Bacterial Structures and Functions
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1/13뒤로Skip to main content뒤로What is the glycocalyx and where is it located?
The glycocalyx is a viscous, gelatinous layer external to the cell wall, made of polysaccharides and/or polypeptides. What are the two types of glycocalyx?
The two types of glycocalyx are capsule and slime layer. How does the glycocalyx contribute to bacterial virulence?
Capsules prevent phagocytosis and help bacteria adhere to surfaces, increasing virulence. Name three bacteria that have capsules contributing to virulence.
Bacillus anthracis, Streptococcus pneumoniae, and Klebsiella pneumoniae have capsules that contribute to virulence. What role does the glycocalyx play in biofilm formation?
The glycocalyx forms biofilms that protect cells and help microbes attach to surfaces. Give two examples of bacteria that form biofilms using glycocalyx.
Streptococcus mutans and Vibrio cholerae form biofilms using their glycocalyx. What are bacterial flagella made of and what is their function?
Flagella are filamentous appendages made of the protein flagellin that propel bacteria. What are axial filaments and in which bacteria are they found?
Axial filaments, or endoflagella, are found in spirochetes and cause corkscrew movement by rotating. Where are axial filaments anchored on the bacterial cell?
Axial filaments are anchored at one end of the cell. What is the function of fimbriae in bacteria?
Fimbriae are hairlike appendages that enable bacteria to attach to body surfaces. Name two bacteria that use fimbriae to adhere to host surfaces.
Neisseria gonorrhoeae and E. coli O157 use fimbriae to adhere to host surfaces. What are pili and what functions do they serve?
Pili are appendages involved in motility (gliding and twitching) and conjugation (DNA transfer). How do conjugation pili benefit bacteria?
Conjugation pili enable the transfer of genetic material between bacterial cells.
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