Midterm Flashcards

is a weakened form of a microorganism that is less virulent but can still stimulate an immune response.

are chemical agents applied to living tissue to inhibit or kill microorganisms.

are chemical agents used on non-living surfaces to destroy or inhibit microorganisms.

agents inhibit the growth and reproduction of microorganisms without killing them.

agents kill microorganisms directly.

An aerotolerant anaerobe does not use oxygen but can tolerate its presence.

require oxygen at lower concentrations than atmospheric levels for growth.

can grow with or without oxygen, using aerobic respiration or fermentation.

require oxygen for growth and survival.

cannot survive in the presence of oxygen.

is the time required at a certain temperature to kill 90% of the microorganisms.

is the lowest temperature at which all microorganisms in a liquid culture are killed in 10 minutes.

is the minimum time required to kill all microorganisms at a specific temperature.

are microorganisms that thrive under high pressure conditions, such as deep-sea environments.

are organisms that grow optimally at acidic pH levels (below 5.5).

are microorganisms that require high salt concentrations for growth.

are the microorganisms that normally reside on or in the body without causing disease.

is an organism that transmits a pathogen and in which the pathogen undergoes part of its life cycle.

transmits pathogens passively without being infected itself.

harbors a pathogen without showing symptoms but can transmit the disease.

refers to the incidence or prevalence of a disease in a population.

is the number of deaths caused by a disease in a population.

is the infectious dose required to infect 50% of a test population.

is the lethal dose required to kill 50% of a test population.

Organims that grow best near neutral pH

cold-loving organisms with optimum growth at low temperatures exact cutoffs are by textbook.

Equipment entering sterile tissues or the vascular system: must be sterile Examples: surgical instruments, intravascular catheters.

equipment contacting intact skin only generally needs cleaning and low-level disinfection. Examples, blood pressure cuffs, and bed rails.

Agents that destroy all microorganisms except possibly large numbers of bacterial spores under typical use

conditions

Agents that kill mycobacteria, many viruses and fungi, and vegetative bacteria, but not necessarily spores.

Agents that kill many vegetative bacteria and some fungi/viruses, but do not reliably kill mycobacteria or

spores

a pathogen/disease that was previously declining but is increasing again

A newly appearing infection or one whose incidence or geographic range is increasing.

A pathogen originating outside the host.

A pathogen arising from the host’s own microbiota or another internal source.

The immediate person, object, substance, or material from which an agent is transmitted to a host.

The natural habitat in which an agent normally lives, grows, and/or multiplies; may be humans, animals, or the

environment.