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Smallpox Virus (Variola) Key Facts

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  • Mode of transmission of smallpox virus (Variola)

    Respiratory droplets and direct contact with infected bodily fluids or contaminated objects.

  • Incubation period of smallpox virus (Variola)

    Typically 7 to 17 days before symptoms appear.

  • Tropism of smallpox virus (Variola)

    Narrow tropism, primarily infecting human epithelial cells and immune cells.

  • Two innate immune defenses that variola virus inactivates

    Interferon response and complement system are inhibited by variola.

  • The antigen-presenting cell (APC) initially infected by variola virus

    Dendritic cells are the primary APCs infected initially by variola.

  • Mortality rate of smallpox virus (Variola)

    Approximately 30% mortality rate in unvaccinated populations.

  • Reservoir of smallpox virus (Variola)

    Humans are the only natural reservoir for variola virus.

  • Year of eradication of smallpox virus (Variola)

    1980, declared eradicated by the World Health Organization.