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Nutrition Exam Key Concepts

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이 집합의 용어 (30)

  • What is the science of nutrition?
    The study of how food affects the body’s functions and health.
  • Name the main functions of nutrients.
    Provide energy, build and repair tissues, regulate body processes.
  • Which nutrients produce energy?
    Carbohydrates, fats, and proteins are energy-producing nutrients.
  • What are DRIs in nutrition?
    Dietary Reference Intakes are nutrient intake standards to guide healthy eating.
  • List the basic steps of the scientific method.
    Observation, hypothesis, experiment, analysis, conclusion.
  • What are the 3 basic types of nutrition research?
    Experimental, observational, and epidemiological studies.
  • How can you assess the credibility of nutrition information?
    Check sources, look for scientific evidence, and verify author credentials.
  • What is a registered dietitian (RD)?
    A nutrition expert credentialed to provide evidence-based dietary advice.
  • Define a healthful diet.
    A diet that provides adequate nutrients, variety, balance, and moderation.
  • What is nutrient density?
    The amount of nutrients per calorie in a food.
  • Name factors that influence food choices.
    Culture, environment, emotions, habits, and health concerns.
  • What information is required on food labels?
    Serving size, calories, nutrients, % Daily Value, ingredients.
  • How do you calculate calories from nutrients on a food label?
    Multiply grams of carbs and protein by 4, fat by 9, then sum.
  • What are nutrition claims on food packages?
    Statements about nutrient content or health benefits, regulated by law.
  • What are the Dietary Guidelines?
    Science-based recommendations to promote health and prevent disease.
  • Describe the MyPlate graphic.
    A visual guide showing recommended portions of food groups on a plate.
  • How can you make healthy choices when eating out?
    Choose smaller portions, vegetables, lean proteins, and limit fried foods.
  • What role does the brain play in eating decisions?
    It regulates hunger, appetite, and satiety through signals and hormones.
  • Name hormones involved in eating regulation.
    Ghrelin stimulates hunger; leptin promotes satiety.
  • What is satiety?
    The feeling of fullness that stops eating.
  • Outline the path food takes through the digestive tract.
    Mouth → esophagus → stomach → small intestine → large intestine → rectum.
  • What are sphincters in digestion?
    Muscle rings that control food passage between digestive organs.
  • Name key digestive enzymes and their functions.
    Amylase breaks down carbs, protease breaks down proteins, lipase breaks down fats.
  • Where does digestion, absorption, and elimination occur?
    Digestion: stomach and small intestine; absorption: small intestine; elimination: large intestine.
  • How are nutrients transported from the GI tract to cells?
    Via the bloodstream and lymphatic system after absorption.
  • What are accessory organs in digestion?
    Organs like the pancreas, liver, and gallbladder that aid digestion.
  • Name common GI disorders related to digestion and absorption.
    Lactose intolerance, celiac disease, acid reflux, irritable bowel syndrome.
  • How can GI disorders be alleviated?
    Diet changes, medications, and avoiding trigger foods.
  • What is the difference between allergy and intolerance?
    Allergy involves immune response; intolerance involves digestive difficulty.
  • What is celiac disease?
    An autoimmune disorder triggered by gluten causing intestinal damage.