What products are formed when the following compounds react with CH3MgBr, followed by the addition of dilute acid? Disregard stereoisomers.a. b. c.

Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

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Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives

문제 5

16장, 문제 5

What products are formed when the following compounds react with CH₃MgBr, followed by the addition of dilute acid? Disregard stereoisomers.
a. b. c.

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the type of compound in each case. Both compounds (a and b) contain a carbonyl group (C=O), which is highly reactive with Grignard reagents like CH3MgBr. Grignard reagents act as nucleophiles, attacking the electrophilic carbon of the carbonyl group.

For compound (a), CH3CH2(C=O)H (an aldehyde): The CH3MgBr will attack the carbonyl carbon, breaking the π-bond of the C=O group. This forms an alkoxide intermediate. The addition of dilute acid (H3O+) will protonate the alkoxide, resulting in a secondary alcohol.

For compound (b), CH3CH2CH2(C=O)CH3 (a ketone): The CH3MgBr will similarly attack the carbonyl carbon, breaking the π-bond of the C=O group. This forms an alkoxide intermediate. The addition of dilute acid (H3O+) will protonate the alkoxide, resulting in a tertiary alcohol.

Write the general reaction for Grignard reagents with aldehydes and ketones: Aldehyde + R-MgBr → Secondary alcohol (after acid workup); Ketone + R-MgBr → Tertiary alcohol (after acid workup).

Determine the specific products: For (a), the product is CH3CH2CH(OH)CH3 (a secondary alcohol). For (b), the product is CH3CH2CH2C(OH)(CH3)CH3 (a tertiary alcohol).

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Grignard Reagents

Grignard reagents, such as CH3MgBr, are organomagnesium compounds that act as nucleophiles. They readily react with electrophiles, particularly carbonyl compounds, to form alcohols. The carbon atom in the Grignard reagent donates a pair of electrons to the electrophilic carbon in the carbonyl group, leading to the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond.

Carbonyl Compounds

Carbonyl compounds, characterized by the C=O functional group, include aldehydes and ketones. In the context of the question, the carbonyl carbon is electrophilic and susceptible to nucleophilic attack by Grignard reagents. The reaction typically results in the formation of an alkoxide intermediate, which can be protonated in a subsequent step to yield an alcohol.

Acid Workup

An acid workup is a common procedure following reactions involving Grignard reagents. After the nucleophilic addition, the reaction mixture is treated with dilute acid, which protonates the alkoxide intermediate formed during the reaction. This step is crucial for converting the alkoxide into the corresponding alcohol, completing the transformation of the original carbonyl compound.