교과서 질문
Name the following:
a.
b.
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Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds
Bruice8th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213711
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TOC.tableOfContents
- Ch. 1 - Remembering General Chemistry: Electronic Structure and Bonding31
- Ch. 2 - Acids and Bases: Central to Understanding Organic Chemistry84
- Ch. 3 - An Introduction to Organic Compounds: Nomenclature, Physical Properties, and Structure183
- Ch. 4 - Isomers: The Arrangement of Atoms in Space121
- Ch. 5 - Alkenes: Structure, Nomenclature, and an Introduction to Reactivity • Thermodynamics and Kinetics83
- Ch. 6 - The Reactions of Alkenes • The Stereochemistry of Addition Reactions175
- Ch. 7 - The Reactions of Alkynes • An Introduction to Multistep Synthesis119
- Ch. 8 - Delocalized Electrons: Their Effect on Stability, pKa, and the Products of a Reaction • Aromaticity and Electronic Effects: An Introduction to the Reactions of Benzene148
- Ch. 9 - Substitution and Elimination Reactions of Alkyl Halides212
- Ch. 10 - Reactions of Alcohols, Ethers, Epoxides, Amines, and Sulfur-Containing Compounds131
- Ch. 11 - Organometallic Compounds60
- Ch. 12 - Radicals90
- Ch. 13 - Mass Spectrometry; Infrared Spectroscopy; UV/Vis Spectroscopy62
- Ch. 14 - NMR Spectroscopy95
- Ch. 15 - Reactions of Carboxylic Acids and Carboxylic Acid Derivatives123
- Ch. 16 - Reactions of Aldehydes and Ketones • More Reactions of Carboxylic Acid Derivatives141
- Ch. 17 - Reactions at the Alpha-Carbon101
- Ch. 18 - Reactions of Benzene and Substituted Benzenes144
- Ch. 19 - More About Amines • Reactions of Heterocyclic Compounds49
- Ch. 20 - The Organic Chemistry of Carbohydrates80
- Ch. 21 - Amino Acids, Peptides, and Proteins57
- Ch. 22 - Catalysis in Organic Reactions and in Enzymatic Reactions35
- Ch. 23 - The Organic Chemistry of the Coenzymes—Compounds Derived from Vitamins1
- Ch. 28 - Pericyclic Reactions58
19장, 문제 26
One of the following compounds undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution predominantly at C-3, and one undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution predominantly at C-4. Which is which?
검증된 단계별 안내1
Step 1: Analyze the structures of the two compounds. Both compounds are derivatives of pyridine, which is an aromatic heterocyclic compound. The first compound has a ketone group (C=O) attached to the pyridine ring via an ethyl chain, while the second compound has an amine group (NH) attached to the pyridine ring via an ethyl chain.
Step 2: Understand the directing effects of the substituents. The ketone group in the first compound is an electron-withdrawing group due to the electronegativity of oxygen and the resonance effect. Electron-withdrawing groups deactivate the aromatic ring and direct electrophilic substitution to the meta position (C-3 relative to the substituent). The amine group in the second compound is an electron-donating group due to the lone pair of electrons on nitrogen. Electron-donating groups activate the aromatic ring and direct electrophilic substitution to the ortho and para positions (C-2 and C-4 relative to the substituent).
Step 3: Predict the predominant site of electrophilic aromatic substitution for the first compound. Since the ketone group is electron-withdrawing, it deactivates the ring and directs substitution to the meta position (C-3).
Step 4: Predict the predominant site of electrophilic aromatic substitution for the second compound. Since the amine group is electron-donating, it activates the ring and directs substitution to the para position (C-4).
Step 5: Summarize the findings. The first compound undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution predominantly at C-3 due to the electron-withdrawing ketone group, while the second compound undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution predominantly at C-4 due to the electron-donating amine group.
비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:
이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.
영상 길이:
4m주요 개념
질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution (EAS)
Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution is a fundamental reaction in organic chemistry where an electrophile replaces a hydrogen atom on an aromatic ring. This process is crucial for modifying aromatic compounds and is characterized by the formation of a sigma complex, followed by deprotonation to restore aromaticity. Understanding the regioselectivity of EAS is essential for predicting the position where substitution occurs.
추천 영상:
03:07
EAS Review
Regioselectivity in EAS
Regioselectivity refers to the preference of a chemical reaction to occur at one location over another in a molecule. In the context of EAS, the presence of substituents on the aromatic ring can influence the site of electrophilic attack, leading to predominant substitution at specific carbon atoms, such as C-3 or C-4. This is often determined by the electronic effects of the substituents, which can either activate or deactivate certain positions.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
3:22EAS Reactions of Pyridine Concept 3
Substituent Effects
Substituent effects are the influence that different groups attached to an aromatic ring have on its reactivity and the position of electrophilic attack. Electron-donating groups (EDGs) typically direct substitution to ortho and para positions, while electron-withdrawing groups (EWGs) direct it to meta positions. Recognizing these effects is vital for predicting the outcomes of EAS reactions and determining which compound will react at C-3 or C-4.
추천 영상:
가이드 코스
2:02Directing Effects in Substituted Pyrroles, Furans, and Thiophenes Concept 1
관련 실천
교과서 질문
Benzene undergoes electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions with aziridines in the presence of a Lewis acid such as AlCl3.
a. What are the major and minor products of the following reaction?
b. Would you expect epoxides to undergo similar reactions?
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교과서 질문
What are the products of the following reactions?
g.
726
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교과서 질문
Rank the following compounds from most reactive to least reactive in an electrophilic aromatic substitution reaction:
1971
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교과서 질문
What are the products of the following reactions?
i.
1170
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교과서 질문
Pyrrole reacts with excess para-(N,N-dimethylamino)benzaldehyde to form a highly colored compound. Draw the structure of the colored compound.
1001
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