a. Name an aldohexose other than D-glucose that is oxidized to D-glucaric acid by nitric acid.
b. What is another name for D-glucaric acid?

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the problem. Part (a) asks for an aldohexose (a six-carbon sugar with an aldehyde group) other than D-glucose that can be oxidized to D-glucaric acid by nitric acid. Part (b) asks for an alternative name for D-glucaric acid.

Step 2: Recall the oxidation process. Nitric acid oxidizes both the aldehyde group at the C-1 position and the primary alcohol group at the C-6 position of an aldohexose to carboxylic acids, forming a dicarboxylic acid. This reaction is characteristic of aldohexoses.

Step 3: Identify another aldohexose. Besides D-glucose, other aldohexoses include D-mannose and D-galactose. These sugars also have the structural features necessary for oxidation by nitric acid to form dicarboxylic acids.

Step 4: Provide the alternative name for D-glucaric acid. D-glucaric acid is also known as saccharic acid. This name is derived from its relationship to sugars (saccharides).

Step 5: Summarize the findings. For part (a), D-mannose or D-galactose can be oxidized to D-glucaric acid by nitric acid. For part (b), the alternative name for D-glucaric acid is saccharic acid.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Aldohexoses

Aldohexoses are six-carbon sugars that contain an aldehyde group. They are a subclass of monosaccharides characterized by their structure, which includes a carbonyl group at the first carbon and hydroxyl groups on the remaining carbons. Examples include glucose, galactose, and mannose. Understanding their structure is essential for recognizing their reactivity and potential oxidation products.

Oxidation of Sugars

The oxidation of sugars involves the conversion of alcohol groups into carbonyl groups or carboxylic acids. In the case of aldohexoses, nitric acid can oxidize the aldehyde group and the primary alcohol group at the end of the sugar chain, leading to the formation of d-glucaric acid. This process is significant in organic chemistry as it illustrates the reactivity of carbohydrates and their transformation into different functional groups.

D-Glucaric Acid

D-glucaric acid, also known as saccharic acid, is a dicarboxylic acid derived from the oxidation of aldohexoses. It contains two carboxylic acid groups, which result from the oxidation of both the aldehyde and the terminal alcohol of the sugar. This compound is important in biochemistry and can be involved in various metabolic pathways, making it relevant for understanding sugar metabolism and its derivatives.

a. Name an aldohexose other than D-glucose that is oxidized to D-glucaric acid by nitric acid.b. What is another name for D-glucaric acid?