Question

The rate of the reaction of methyl chloride with hydroxide ion is linearly dependent on both the concentration of methyl chloride and the concentration hydroxide ion. At 30 °C, the constant (k) for the reaction is 1.0 × 10^-5 M^-1 s^-1
b. If the concentration of methyl chloride is decreased to 0.010 M, what will be the effect on
1. the rate of the reaction?
2. the rate constant for the reaction?

Accepted Answer

Step 1: Recognize that the reaction follows second-order kinetics because the rate is linearly dependent on both the concentration of methyl chloride ([CH3Cl]) and hydroxide ion ([OH⁻]). The rate law can be expressed as: r=k&#x22C5;[CH3Cl]&#x22C5;[OH&#x2212;. Step 2: Understand that the rate constant (k) is a property of the reaction and depends only on temperature. Since the temperature (30 °C) is constant, the rate constant (k = 1.0 × 10⁻⁵ M⁻¹ s⁻¹) will remain unchanged regardless of the change in concentration of methyl chloride. Step 3: To determine the effect on the rate of the reaction, note that the rate is directly proportional to the concentration of methyl chloride. If the concentration of methyl chloride is decreased to 0.010 M, substitute this value into the rate law equation to observe the proportional change in the rate. Step 4: Compare the new rate to the original rate. If the original concentration of methyl chloride was higher, say [CH3Cl]₀, the new rate will be reduced proportionally by the ratio of the new concentration (0.010 M) to the original concentration ([CH3Cl]₀). This demonstrates that the rate decreases as the concentration of methyl chloride decreases. Step 5: Summarize the effects: (1) The rate of the reaction will decrease proportionally to the decrease in the concentration of methyl chloride. (2) The rate constant (k) will remain unchanged because it is independent of reactant concentrations and depends only on temperature.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

주요 개념

Rate of Reaction

Rate Constant (k)

Concentration Effects on Reaction Rate