Rank the following molecules by the length of the indicated bond from shortest to longest.
(a)
(b)
(c)

검증된 단계별 안내

Identify the type of bond in each molecule (e.g., single, double, or triple bond) and the atoms involved in the bond. Bond length is influenced by bond order and the size of the bonded atoms.

Recall that bond order is inversely proportional to bond length: triple bonds are shorter than double bonds, which are shorter than single bonds. Additionally, smaller atoms form shorter bonds compared to larger atoms.

Examine the periodic trends of the atoms involved in the bonds. For example, bonds involving smaller atoms (e.g., C-H) are shorter than those involving larger atoms (e.g., C-I).

Compare the bond types and the atomic sizes for the indicated bonds in each molecule. Rank the bonds based on their expected lengths, starting with the shortest (highest bond order and/or smallest atoms) and ending with the longest (lowest bond order and/or largest atoms).

Verify your ranking by considering any additional factors, such as resonance or hybridization, that might influence bond length. For example, resonance can lead to partial double-bond character, which shortens the bond compared to a pure single bond.

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주요 개념

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Bond Length

Bond length refers to the distance between the nuclei of two bonded atoms. It is influenced by factors such as atomic size, bond order, and the presence of lone pairs. Generally, shorter bonds are stronger due to greater overlap of atomic orbitals, while longer bonds tend to be weaker and more reactive.

Bond Order

Bond order is a measure of the number of chemical bonds between a pair of atoms. It is calculated as the difference between the number of bonding and antibonding electrons divided by two. Higher bond orders indicate stronger and shorter bonds, while lower bond orders correspond to weaker and longer bonds.

Electronegativity

Electronegativity is the tendency of an atom to attract electrons in a chemical bond. Differences in electronegativity between bonded atoms can affect bond length; for instance, bonds between atoms with similar electronegativities tend to be shorter and stronger. This concept is crucial for understanding the nature of bonds in different molecules.

Rank the following molecules by the length of the indicated bond from shortest to longest. (a) (b) (c)