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Ch. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics
Mullins - Organic Chemistry: A Learner Centered Approach 1st Edition
Mullins1st EditionOrganic Chemistry: A Learner Centered ApproachISBN: 9780137566471당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Mullins 1st EditionCh. 5 - Chemical Reaction Analysis: Thermodynamics and Kinetics문제 12a
4장, 문제 12a

At what temperature does the entropy change of a process not contribute to the favorability of a process?

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Understand the relationship between Gibbs free energy (ΔG), enthalpy change (ΔH), entropy change (ΔS), and temperature (T) using the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS.
Recognize that the entropy change (ΔS) does not contribute to the favorability of a process when the term TΔS becomes zero. This happens when T = 0 Kelvin.
Recall that at absolute zero (0 Kelvin), molecular motion ceases, and entropy is at its minimum value, meaning entropy change does not influence the process.
Consider the practical implications: While this is a theoretical concept, real-world processes do not occur at 0 Kelvin due to the third law of thermodynamics, which states that absolute zero is unattainable.
Conclude that the temperature at which entropy change does not contribute to favorability is 0 Kelvin, but this is a theoretical limit rather than a practical condition.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.
영상 길이:
1m

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Entropy

Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In thermodynamics, it quantifies the number of ways a system can be arranged, with higher entropy indicating greater disorder. Entropy changes during a process can influence its spontaneity, as systems tend to evolve towards states of higher entropy.
추천 영상:
02:46
Explaining what entropy is.

Gibbs Free Energy

Gibbs Free Energy (G) is a thermodynamic potential that helps predict the favorability of a process at constant temperature and pressure. The change in Gibbs Free Energy (ΔG) is calculated using the equation ΔG = ΔH - TΔS, where ΔH is the change in enthalpy, T is the temperature in Kelvin, and ΔS is the change in entropy. A process is spontaneous when ΔG is negative.
추천 영상:
05:02
Breaking down the different terms of the Gibbs Free Energy equation.

Temperature's Role in Entropy and Favorability

Temperature plays a crucial role in determining the impact of entropy on the favorability of a process. At absolute zero (0 K), the entropy change becomes negligible, and thus, the contribution of entropy to the Gibbs Free Energy equation is minimal. As temperature increases, the influence of entropy on spontaneity becomes more significant, particularly when ΔS is positive.
추천 영상:
02:46
Explaining what entropy is.
관련 실천
교과서 질문

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(b) ∆H° = +7.34 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = +43 cal/mol•K ; T = 325 K

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교과서 질문
Which of the following carbocations would you expect to undergo rearrangement?
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교과서 질문

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(c) ∆H° = -21.3 kcal/mol ; AS° = -51 cal/mol•K ; T = 373 K

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교과서 질문

A certain process has ∆H° = 11.7 kcal/mol and AS° = +33cal/mol•K . That is, this reaction has an unfavorable enthalpy but a favorable entropy term. At what temperature will the process be neither favored nor disfavored?

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교과서 질문

For the following values of ∆H° , ∆S°, and T, tell whether the process would be favored.

(d) ∆H° = -8.3 kcal/mol ; ∆S° = -12 cal/mol•K ; T = 298 K

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교과서 질문

Considering the process described in Assessment 5.13, will it be favored or disfavored at a temperature higher than the one you calculated? How about at a temperature below what you calculated?

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