For each of the following processes, indicate whether you expect ∆S° to be greater than, less than, or equal to 0. Explain your answer.
(b) 2 C₆H₁₄(l) + 19 O₂(g) → 12 CO₂(g) + 14 H₂O(g)

검증된 단계별 안내

Step 1: Understand the concept of entropy (∆S°). Entropy is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. A positive ∆S° indicates an increase in disorder, while a negative ∆S° indicates a decrease in disorder.

Step 2: Analyze the reactants and products in the given reaction. The reactants are 2 molecules of liquid hexane (C₆H₁₄) and 19 molecules of gaseous oxygen (O₂). The products are 12 molecules of gaseous carbon dioxide (CO₂) and 14 molecules of gaseous water (H₂O).

Step 3: Compare the physical states of the reactants and products. Liquids generally have lower entropy than gases because gases are more disordered. In this reaction, the liquid reactants (C₆H₁₄) are converted into gaseous products (CO₂ and H₂O), which suggests an increase in entropy.

Step 4: Count the total number of gas molecules on each side of the reaction. On the reactant side, there are 19 molecules of O₂ gas. On the product side, there are 12 molecules of CO₂ gas and 14 molecules of H₂O gas, for a total of 26 gas molecules. Since the number of gas molecules increases, this also suggests an increase in entropy.

Step 5: Conclude that ∆S° is expected to be greater than 0 for this reaction because the system transitions from a state with fewer gas molecules and some liquid molecules to a state with more gas molecules, indicating an increase in disorder.

비슷한 문제에 대한 검증된 영상 답변:

이 영상 해법은 위 문제에 도움이 된다고 튜터들이 추천한 것입니다.

주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Entropy (∆S°)

Entropy, denoted as ∆S°, is a measure of the disorder or randomness in a system. In chemical reactions, changes in entropy can indicate whether the products are more or less disordered than the reactants. A positive ∆S° suggests an increase in disorder, while a negative ∆S° indicates a decrease.

Phase Changes and Gaseous Products

The phase of substances significantly affects entropy. Gases have higher entropy than liquids or solids due to their greater freedom of movement and higher disorder. In the given reaction, the formation of gaseous products (CO₂ and H₂O) from liquid reactants (C₆H₁₄) suggests an increase in entropy.

Stoichiometry and Reaction Direction

Stoichiometry involves the quantitative relationships between reactants and products in a chemical reaction. In this reaction, the conversion of 2 moles of liquid C₆H₁₄ and 19 moles of gaseous O₂ into 12 moles of gaseous CO₂ and 14 moles of gaseous H₂O indicates a net increase in the number of gas molecules, which typically correlates with a positive change in entropy.

For each of the following processes, indicate whether you expect ∆S° to be greater than, less than, or equal to 0. Explain your answer.(b) 2 C6H14(l) + 19 O2(g) → 12 CO2(g) + 14 H2O(g)