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Ch. 20 - Carboxylic Acids
Wade - Organic Chemistry 9th Edition
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Wade 9th EditionCh. 20 - Carboxylic Acids문제 30a,b,c
20장, 문제 30a,b,c

Predict the products (if any) of the following acid–base reactions.
(a) acetic acid + ammonia
(b) phthalic acid + excess NaOH
(c) p-toluic acid + potassium trifluoroacetate

검증된 단계별 안내
1
Step 1: Understand the nature of acid-base reactions. Acid-base reactions involve the transfer of a proton (H⁺) from the acid to the base. Acids are proton donors, and bases are proton acceptors. Identify the acid and base in each reaction.
Step 2: For (a) acetic acid + ammonia: Acetic acid (CH₃COOH) is a weak acid, and ammonia (NH₃) is a weak base. The reaction involves the transfer of a proton from acetic acid to ammonia, forming ammonium ion (NH₄⁺) and acetate ion (CH₃COO⁻). Write the balanced chemical equation: CH3COOH+NH3→CH3COO−+NH4+
Step 3: For (b) phthalic acid + excess NaOH: Phthalic acid is a diprotic acid (C₆H₄(COOH)₂). In the presence of excess NaOH, both acidic protons are neutralized, forming the disodium salt of phthalic acid (C₆H₄(COONa)₂) and water. Write the balanced chemical equation: C6H4(COOH)2+2NaOH→C6H4(COONa)2+2H2O
Step 4: For (c) p-toluic acid + potassium trifluoroacetate: p-Toluic acid (C₆H₄(CH₃)(COOH)) is a weak acid, and potassium trifluoroacetate (CF₃COOK) is a weak base. The reaction involves the transfer of a proton from p-toluic acid to trifluoroacetate ion (CF₃COO⁻), forming trifluoroacetic acid (CF₃COOH) and the potassium salt of p-toluic acid (C₆H₄(CH₃)(COOK)). Write the balanced chemical equation: C6H4(CH3)COOH)+CF3COOK→CF3COOH+C6H4(CH3)COOK)
Step 5: Verify the products for each reaction. Ensure that the acid donates a proton to the base, and the resulting conjugate acid and conjugate base are correctly identified. Confirm that the stoichiometry of each reaction is balanced.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Acid-Base Theory

Acid-base theory explains the behavior of acids and bases in chemical reactions. According to the Brønsted-Lowry theory, acids are proton donors while bases are proton acceptors. Understanding this concept is crucial for predicting the products of acid-base reactions, as it helps identify which species will donate or accept protons during the reaction.
추천 영상:
02:49
The Lewis definition of acids and bases.

Neutralization Reactions

Neutralization reactions occur when an acid reacts with a base to produce water and a salt. In the context of the given question, recognizing that acetic acid and ammonia will form ammonium acetate, and phthalic acid with NaOH will yield a salt and water, is essential for predicting the products of these reactions.
추천 영상:
05:18
Fukuyama Coupling Reaction

Functional Groups and Reactivity

The reactivity of organic compounds is largely determined by their functional groups. For instance, carboxylic acids (like acetic and phthalic acid) can donate protons, while amines (like ammonia) can accept them. Understanding the specific functional groups involved in the reactions allows for accurate predictions of the products formed, such as the formation of salts or other derivatives.
추천 영상:
02:36
Identifying Functional Groups
관련 실천
교과서 질문

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(d) α-bromopropionic acid + sodium propionate

(e) benzoic acid + sodium phenoxide

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교과서 질문

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(f) salicylic acid

(g) zinc undecanoate (athlete's-foot powder)

(h) sodium benzoate (a food preservative)

(i) sodium fluoroacetate (Compound 1080, a controversial coyote poison)

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교과서 질문

Show how you would use extractions with a separatory funnel to separate a mixture of the following compounds: benzoic acid, phenol, benzyl alcohol, aniline

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교과서 질문

Arrange each group of compounds in order of increasing acidity.

(a) phenol, ethanol, acetic acid

(b) p-toluenesulfonic acid, acetic acid, chloroacetic acid

(c) benzoic acid, o-nitrobenzoic acid, m-nitrobenzoic acid

(d) butyric acid, α-bromobutyric acid, β-bromobutyric acid

(e)

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교과서 질문

Rank the following isomers in order of increasing boiling point, and explain the reasons for your order of ranking.

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교과서 질문

Arrange each group of compounds in order of increasing basicity.

c. sodium benzoate, sodium ethoxide, and sodium phenoxide

d. pyridine, sodium ethoxide, and sodium acetate

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