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Ch. 22 - Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds
Wade - Organic Chemistry 9th Edition
Wade9th EditionOrganic ChemistryISBN: 9780135213728당신이 사용하는 게 아니라요?교과서 변경
모든 교과서Wade 9th EditionCh. 22 - Condensations and Alpha Substitutions of Carbonyl Compounds문제 43b
22장, 문제 43b

Show how crossed Claisen condensations could be used to prepare the following esters.
(b)

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Step 1: Identify the ester product and analyze its structure. The given ester contains two ester functional groups (-COOCH3) and a phenyl group (Ph) attached to a central carbon. This suggests that the product could be formed via a crossed Claisen condensation between two different esters.
Step 2: Determine the two esters required for the crossed Claisen condensation. One ester should provide the phenyl group (Ph) and the alpha-hydrogen for enolate formation, while the other ester should provide the second ester group. For this product, methyl benzoate (PhCOOCH3) and dimethyl malonate (CH2(CO2CH3)2) are suitable reactants.
Step 3: Describe the mechanism of the crossed Claisen condensation. In the presence of a strong base (e.g., sodium ethoxide, NaOEt), the alpha-hydrogen of dimethyl malonate is deprotonated to form an enolate ion. This enolate then attacks the carbonyl carbon of methyl benzoate, leading to the formation of a new carbon-carbon bond.
Step 4: Explain the intermediate and subsequent steps. After the nucleophilic attack, a tetrahedral intermediate is formed, which collapses to expel the methoxide ion (CH3O−). This results in the formation of a β-keto ester intermediate.
Step 5: Highlight the final product formation. The β-keto ester intermediate undergoes protonation to yield the final ester product shown in the image. Ensure that the reaction conditions (base, solvent, and temperature) are carefully controlled to favor the crossed Claisen condensation and minimize side reactions.

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주요 개념

질문에 올바르게 답하기 위해 반드시 이해해야 하는 핵심 개념들은 다음과 같습니다.

Claisen Condensation

Claisen condensation is a reaction between two esters or an ester and a carbonyl compound in the presence of a strong base, leading to the formation of a β-keto ester or a β-diketone. This reaction is crucial for forming carbon-carbon bonds and is widely used in organic synthesis to create complex molecules.
추천 영상:
08:28
Claisen Condensation

Crossed Claisen Condensation

Crossed Claisen condensation involves the reaction of two different esters or an ester with a carbonyl compound, allowing for greater diversity in the products formed. This method is particularly useful when one of the reactants has no alpha-hydrogens, preventing self-condensation and enabling the formation of specific products, such as the esters shown in the question.
추천 영상:
08:28
Claisen Condensation

Reactivity of Esters

Esters are reactive compounds in organic chemistry, particularly due to the presence of the carbonyl group, which is susceptible to nucleophilic attack. Understanding the reactivity of esters, including their ability to undergo Claisen condensation, is essential for predicting the outcomes of reactions and designing synthetic pathways for desired compounds.
추천 영상:
02:39
Ester Nomenclature
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교과서 질문

Predict the major products of the following crossed Claisen condensations.

(b)

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교과서 질문

Predict the products from crossed Claisen condensation of the following pairs of esters. Indicate which combinations are poor choices for crossed Claisen condensations.

(a)

(b)

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교과서 질문

Predict the products from crossed Claisen condensation of the following pairs of esters. Indicate which combinations are poor choices for crossed Claisen condensations.

(c)

(d)

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교과서 질문

Show how crossed Claisen condensations could be used to prepare the following esters.

(c)

(d)

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교과서 질문

Show how crossed Claisen condensations could be used to prepare the following esters.

(a)

1001
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교과서 질문

Predict the major products of the following crossed Claisen condensations.

(a)

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