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Glass Electrodes and pH Measurements definitions

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  • pH
    A logarithmic measure reflecting the hydrogen ion activity in a solution, indicating its acidity or basicity.
  • Kw
    The equilibrium constant for water's self-ionization, varying with temperature and affecting neutral solution calculations.
  • Ionic Strength
    A quantitative measure of the total concentration and charge of ions in solution, influencing activity coefficients.
  • Activity Coefficient
    A factor correcting ion concentrations for non-ideal behavior due to electrostatic interactions in solution.
  • Solubility Product
    An equilibrium constant describing the extent to which an ionic compound dissolves in solution, symbolized as Ksp.
  • Neutral Solution
    A state where hydrogen and hydroxide ion concentrations are equal, resulting in a balanced pH.
  • Common Ion Effect
    A phenomenon where the presence of an ion shared with the solute reduces its solubility in solution.
  • Non-Common Ion Effect
    An influence on solubility and ionic strength caused by ions not shared with the solute, altering equilibrium.
  • Hydronium Ion
    The predominant form of hydrogen ion in aqueous solution, central to acidity and pH calculations.
  • Hydroxide Ion
    A negatively charged ion formed in water, essential for determining basicity and pOH.
  • Temperature Dependence
    A property where equilibrium constants like Kw change with temperature, impacting pH and solubility.
  • Saturated Solution
    A solution containing the maximum amount of dissolved solute, in equilibrium with undissolved excess.
  • Barium Hydroxide
    A strong base whose dissolution and solubility are influenced by ionic strength and non-common ions.
  • Lithium Nitrate
    An ionic compound used to adjust ionic strength in solutions, affecting activity coefficients and solubility.
  • pOH
    A logarithmic measure of hydroxide ion activity, used alongside pH to describe solution basicity.