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Anatomy & Physiology: Anatomical Terminology and Integumentary System

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이 집합의 용어 (27)

  • Anatomical position

    The standard reference position in anatomy where the body is standing upright, facing forward, arms at the sides with palms facing forward. It is important for consistent directional terminology.

  • Superior

    Directional term meaning toward the head or upper part of a structure.

  • Inferior

    Directional term meaning away from the head or toward the lower part of a structure.

  • Anterior

    Directional term meaning toward the front of the body.

  • Posterior

    Directional term meaning toward the back of the body.

  • Medial

    Directional term meaning toward the midline of the body.

  • Lateral

    Directional term meaning away from the midline of the body.

  • Intermediate

    Directional term meaning between a more medial and a more lateral structure.

  • Proximal

    Directional term meaning closer to the origin of a body part or point of attachment.

  • Distal

    Directional term meaning farther from the origin of a body part or point of attachment.

  • Superficial

    Directional term meaning toward or on the surface of the body.

  • Deep

    Directional term meaning away from the surface, more internal.

  • Sagittal plane

    Body plane that divides the body into left and right parts. The midsagittal plane divides equally.

  • Frontal (coronal) plane

    Body plane that divides the body into anterior (front) and posterior (back) parts.

  • Transverse (horizontal) plane

    Body plane that divides the body into superior (upper) and inferior (lower) parts.

  • Dorsal body cavity

    Includes the cranial cavity (brain) and spinal cavity (spinal cord).

  • Ventral body cavity

    Includes the thoracic cavity, mediastinum, and abdominopelvic cavity.

  • Four quadrants of the abdominopelvic cavity

    Right upper (RUQ), left upper (LUQ), right lower (RLQ), left lower (LLQ) used to locate organs.

  • Epidermis layers

    From deep to superficial: stratum basale, stratum spinosum, stratum granulosum, stratum lucidum, stratum corneum.

  • Dermis layers

    Two layers: papillary layer (superficial) and reticular layer (deep).

  • Hypodermis

    Subcutaneous layer beneath the dermis composed mainly of fat and connective tissue.

  • Hair follicle

    Structure in the skin from which hair grows, includes hair bulb and hair papilla.

  • Arrector pili muscle

    Small muscle attached to hair follicles that causes hair to stand up (goosebumps).

  • Sudoriferous gland

    Sweat gland responsible for producing sweat to regulate body temperature.

  • Sebaceous gland

    Oil gland that secretes sebum to lubricate skin and hair.

  • Pacinian corpuscle

    Deep pressure receptor located in the dermis and hypodermis.

  • Meissner’s corpuscle

    Touch receptor located in the papillary layer of the dermis.